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Charity is widely recognized as valuable by nearly everyone worldwide. Numerous major religions have a basis for showing unselfish concern for the welfare of others. For example, Christianity and Judaism's practice of tithing (giving 10% of one's income), Islam's Zakat (typically donating 2.5% of one's wealth), and Buddhism, Hinduism, and Sikhism's general concept of generosity and charity, known as Dāna. It is good to give to charity. Donating to a good cause is also perfect for many reasons, from emotional health to financial gain. What would anyone gain from donating to the California Scottish Rite Foundation? We will be answering that question in this article. What is the California Scottish Rite Foundation? The CASRF is a charitable organization affiliated with the California Scottish Rite Masonic organization. It was founded in 1950 to provide various types of assistance to children in California who are in need, focusing on supporting children with speech and language disorders. The foundation provides funding for several different programs and services that benefit children, including speech therapy, language disorders research, and public education about speech and language disorders. It also awards scholarships to graduate students pursuing degrees in communication disorders and related fields. The California Scottish Rite Foundation offers speech-language and literacy programs that have the potential to change the lives of children. These programs allow children to improve their communication skills and boost their confidence. Our RiteCare Childhood Language Programs are designed to meet the unique needs of each child and their family, providing them with personalized and top-quality services. Through the generous support of our donors and granting foundations, we are able to equip our Speech-Language Pathologists with the resources they need to help children achieve greater independence, reduce frustration, and succeed academically – all at no cost to the families. Our donors can take pride in knowing that their contributions significantly improve the lives of thousands of children every year. Impact of Programs Run By The California Scottish Rite Foundation The programs run by the California Scottish Rite Foundation significantly impact the lives of children and families across California. First of all, it is noteworthy that the foundation runs all the programs FREE of charge. That means parents and guardians of children who are helped by these programs can rest assured. There are at least four programs: 1. Rite Care Language Centers RITE CARE Language Centers are a network of clinics operated by the California Scottish Rite Masons in the United States that provide speech and language therapy services to children who have difficulty communicating effectively. The program was established in 1954 and has since expanded to more than 170 clinics in the U.S., including several operated by the California Scottish Rite Foundation. At RITE CARE Language Centers, children receive individualized services from licensed speech-language pathologists free of charge. The program addresses various communication challenges, including speech sound disorders, language delays and disorders, stuttering, voice disorders, and hearing loss. Services are tailored to meet the unique needs of each child and are provided in a supportive and nurturing environment. RITE CARE Language Centers aims to help children develop the communication skills they need to succeed in life. By providing high-quality speech and language services, the program helps children build self-confidence, improve their academic performance, and form stronger relationships with their peers and family members. The program also supports families by providing education and resources to help them better understand their child's communication challenges and how to support their progress. 2. University Partnerships The California Scottish Rite Foundation partners with several universities to teach more Speech-Language-Pathologists. This aims to expand the foundation’s services range and reach more children in more communities. Speech-Language Pathologists build lasting relationships with families, providing a lifetime of support. They should not be just any random ‘qualified’ practitioner. By partnering with some of California's top universities, CASRF ensures they can help nurture the next generation of practitioners and provide best-in-class services. These collaborations enable graduate students to gain valuable hands-on experience under the guidance of clinical professors, preparing them to make a difference as Speech-Language Pathologists upon graduation. All of this is made possible by generous donations from people like you. 3. Working With Private Establishments The California Scottish Rite Foundation has joined forces with multiple private Speech-Language Pathologists to extend their services to a broader range of children in many more communities. 4. Scholarships The California Scottish Rite Foundation also offers scholarship programs to support students in pursuing higher education. The scholarships are awarded based on academic achievements, community involvement, and financial need. The Foundation provides financial assistance to undergraduate and graduate students who are residents of California and pursuing a wide range of academic disciplines. The scholarship programs include the Frank M. Mendoza Memorial Scholarship, the John and Joan Mullan Scholarship, the John and Ruth Rhoads Scholarship, and the Walter H. Miller Scholarship. The scholarship programs are to foster the promotion of the field of speech-language pathology in the community. Importance of The Programs The California Scottish Rite foundation's focus on speech-language and literacy programs provides children with the skills they need to communicate effectively and succeed academically, which can have a ripple effect throughout their lives. One of the immediate impacts of the foundation's programs is on children's communication skills. By providing individualized and high-quality speech-language services, the foundation helps children overcome communication challenges and develop the ability to express themselves clearly and confidently. This can lead to improved social interactions, better academic performance, and increased opportunities for success in the future. The foundation's programs also have an impact on children's self-confidence. Children who struggle with speech or language challenges may feel frustrated or isolated, which can negatively affect their self-esteem. The foundation helps children feel more confident in their abilities and connect to their peers by providing supportive and empowering services. In addition to these individual impacts, the foundation's programs have a broader impact on the community. By helping children overcome communication challenges, the foundation contributes to developing a more inclusive and accessible society. Children who receive support from the foundation can better participate in their communities, engage with their peers, and contribute to the world around them. The impact of the California Scottish Rite Foundation programs is profound and far-reaching. By supporting the foundation's work, donors and volunteers are helping to create a brighter future for children and families across California. Benefits of Donating to CASRF Donating to the CASRF can provide a range of potential benefits for the children who receive services from the foundation and the donors themselves. Here are some of the benefits you can get: Supporting a good cause: By donating to the CASRF, you can help improve the lives of children who need speech and language services. Your donation can make a difference in the lives of these children and their families and help them access the support they need to thrive. Tax benefits: The CASRF is a registered non-profit organization, so your donation may be tax-deductible. This means that you can receive a tax deduction for your donation amount, which can reduce your taxable income and lower your tax bill. Personal fulfillment: Many people find that donating to a charitable cause can be personally fulfilling. It can give you a sense of satisfaction and purpose to know that you are making a positive impact in the world and can help you feel more connected to your community and to others. Networking and social connections: Donating to a charitable organization like the CASRF can also provide opportunities to connect with others who share your values and interests. You may meet other donors or volunteers who are passionate about the same causes you care about, which can help you build social connections and expand your network. The Importance Of Charitable Giving In this section, you will see three key reasons why donating to charity is vital for making the world a better place: 1. Charity Helps People Who Need It There are many issues in the world today. World hunger, the mistreatment of animals, and other social injustices are only a part of them. While these are significant causes to think about, the most critical issue concerns children. Many innocent children cannot speak or understand the language well for different reasons. Some children have genetics that impairs their abilities, while some develop brain injuries or infections. Others may not even have a clear medical reason. Imagine how these children will fare among their peers, lost and emotionally distant because they cannot communicate with others. While many professional speech-language pathologists and therapists can help on a professional level, these families cannot afford them. This is immense suffering for poor children. As comparatively privileged individuals, do we have a responsibility to alleviate the suffering of these less fortunate children and their families? What are the essential components of being a good person or making a positive impact? These questions are not limited to academics but are also important to those of us who strive for an ethical, content, and meaningful existence. You can make a difference with donations to CASRF. 2. Charity Can Improve Your Own Wellbeing Donating to charity can be a simple yet powerful way to experience a sense of personal fulfillment. The warm feeling of helping someone, whether it's a neighbor, friend, family member, or coworker, can be easily replicated through charitable giving. One need not be exceedingly wealthy to participate in philanthropy. Regardless of financial status, anyone can make a significant impact on the lives of others while also enjoying personal benefits. Charitable giving is a prime example of a mutually beneficial situation where everyone involved can experience a sense of positive change. Numerous studies have shown that people who spend more money on others experience increased happiness and overall well-being. This phenomenon has been observed in diverse countries worldwide, indicating that the rewarding feeling of donating to others may be a universal aspect of human nature. Strong evidence suggests donating 10% of your income will not significantly diminish your happiness. You get a whopping 90% of your income to yourself! 3. Charity Can Make The World a Fairer Place We often overlook the value of our ability to speak. However, for children who struggle to express themselves, this can create a sense of disconnection from the world around them. Consider James. James could not string two words together when he was around three years old. Instead, James would mainly communicate by pointing or tugging at a family member to show (instead of speaking) what he wanted. His mother believed he seemed to understand everything but could not express himself verbally! Put yourself in that child’s shoes. Trying to tell someone how hurt you are about something, but you can’t. He would burst into tears when his peers could not understand him. That is not fair. James’ family cannot afford to pay professional therapists to help their child. We helped him at our Rite Care Language Centre. Another case concerns 9-year-old Megan, who could not master the ‘r’ sound. These are only mild cases. Many children with severe issues like aphasia, apraxia, and so on, inhibit them from comprehending language. This leaves the poor children frustrated and disconnected. There are many more children out there. They need help. We need more speech-language pathologists to help these children and their families before it is too late for the children. That you live far away or that you are not related to any child with these issues is an awful excuse to ignore the plight of these children. Think about your grandchildren to your great-great-grandchildren and beyond. Even though you may never get to meet them, you want them to have the same happiness and success that you hope for all of your loved ones. Geography shouldn't dictate whether or not people should suffer. Similarly, we should strive to reduce suffering in places far away from us in time. How to Get Involved in Helping Children to Speak and Communicate Clearly. Donating to the California Scottish Rite Foundation can benefit the children who receive services from the foundation and the donors themselves. Here are a few ways to help and the potential benefits to consider: Individual Giving No gift is too small if you want to help fund any of our programs. If you are concerned about the children at the RiteCare Childhood Language Centers, you can give anything as a gift. Every gift makes a significant difference in the lives of the children the organization serves. Corporate Donations Your donation supports and assists the children in developing to their full potential. You can touch someone’s life and make a difference right now. Your gift today can make a difference and will help change a child’s life! Planned Giving A permanent endowment allows the RiteCare Childhood Language Centers of California, a California Scottish Rite Foundation program, to plan confidently for the future. Let us help you plan your giving options. By donating to the CASR Foundation, you can make a significant difference in the lives of individuals with speech and language disorders. Although these disorders are common among children, many struggle to receive the necessary support and resources to overcome their challenges. Not only do these disorders present significant obstacles during childhood, but if left untreated, they can persist into adulthood, limiting their ability to achieve their full potential. With your support, we can provide the assistance and resources needed to help these individuals thrive.

Parents often ask, “When will my child be ready for preschool?” But the answer varies because each child develops at his or her own pace. Some will be ready for preschool earlier than others. Whether or not the child is ready will be based on the development of certain key skills and milestones. While having each skill mastered is not the goal, it would be ideal to have some general guidelines to meet before the kid is dropped off for the first day of school. In this article, we’ve compiled a preschool readiness checklist for the things a preschool teacher will be looking for. 10 Skills to Look For When Determining If a Child is Preschool-Ready Keep in mind that while academic skills can be helpful, readiness skills should be more centered around the child’s personality and temperament. Child development of these skills typically happens between the ages of three to five as the attention span, memory, and language skills are developing. The following 10 skills can help caregivers assess a child’s preschool readiness. 1. The Child Shows Emotional Development The child should be in the process of developing strong emotional skills before starting preschool. This will help the child feel confident enough to take initiative to get their needs met and express how they feel safe. It will also ensure they can ask for help when needed. Here are some signs the child is developing emotional skills: Notices others’ emotions Can express emotions, needs, and requests Is learning to self-regulate Can share toys easily Will take turns Uses their words to solve problems when frustrated or angry Uses words like “please”, “thank you”, and “excuse me” Tries new tasks without being afraid of making a mistake 2. The Child is Developing Reasoning Skills Young children should also start to develop their reasoning skills before entering preschool. Reasoning skills allow children to see different perspectives, which leads to the development of empathy and understanding. Not only will this allow the child to be more creative, but it will also help them make connections, and problem-solving through critical thinking. Here are some common signs a child is developing reasoning skills: Can match identical objects, or match objects by shape and color Understands that objects still exist even if you can’t see or hear them (object permanence) Enjoys taking things apart and putting them back together Remembers short sequences of events that have two to three steps Understands concepts like in, out, front, back, under, over, on, and off Knows parts of the body like head, shoulders, knees, feet, nose, etc. Can draw a picture of himself or herself that includes these body parts Is curious Is persistent Enjoys exploring 3. The Child Can Focus Their Attention To learn, a child must be able to pay attention. As a child grows, he or she can voluntarily focus on things for greater periods through sustained attention. However, this must be done through the development and continued improvement of sustained attention. Experts say that about two to three minutes per year of their age is a reasonable attention span. The average attention span for a two-year-old would be four to six minutes; a four-year-old would spend eight to 12 minutes of focused attention, and a six-year-old would have between a 12-minute and 18-minute attention span. Keep in mind that other factors may be present that will influence the attention span like nearby distractions, hunger or fatigue, and how interested the child is in the activity. Here are some common signs a child can focus attention: Can listen to and obey simple instructions Sits still during story time Carries out instructions with little to no mistakes Asks questions about the story that was read or the instructions that were given Does not seem to notice distractions Is watching the speaker Can maintain a train of thought 4. The Child is Developing Language Skills A grasp of the fundamental building blocks of language is a sure sign that the child is ready for preschool. Language development skills directly support the child’s ability to communicate, express and understand feelings, learn, think, solve problems, and develop and maintain relationships. It is also the first step to learning to read and write. Here are some common signs a child is developing language skills: Uses language to communicate requests, greetings, describe things, and many other purposes Speaks clearly Uses accepted language styles, such as the appropriate volume and tone of voice Tells or retells simple stories Uses words in the correct contexts (or close to the proper context) Uses sentences with two concepts or phrases Talks in complete sentences Follows one or two-step directions given to him or her Uses descriptive language Makes up stories Talks about their everyday experience Ask questions about how things work Expresses clear, understandable ideas Recites the ABCs or recognizes some letters of the alphabet Expresses thoughts and needs verbally 5. The Child Engages in Artistic or Musical Activities Art and music both can play a role in the development of cognition and creative thinking. Art can have a direct impact on the child’s learning pathway to literacy, math, and science. Additionally, music can ignite skills for school readiness, such as intellectual, social, emotional, motor, language, and overall literacy. Engaging in musical activities helps the child get familiar with sounds and the meanings of words. Here are some common signs a child is developing artistic and musical abilities: Recognizes some basic shapes Can name six to eight colors Draws with crayons, colored pencils, or other art tools Drawings resemble known objects or people Articulates what he or she is drawing Makes up songs Sings or recites nursery rhymes Has a favorite song Imitates sounds and rhythms Plays by using realistic toys to imitate household routines Acts out simple play scripts with others in the form of dramatic play 6. The Child is Developing an Understanding of Math and Science Math is important for kids to start to get a grasp on early vital life skills. The sooner the child expands their knowledge of mathematics, the more likely he or she will have better academic achievement. Learning math allows children to learn to problem-solve, develop and measure spatial awareness, and how to use shapes and understand them. Science allows children to learn more about how the world works. It is also essential for them to learn about themselves and how the body works. Knowing these things can help the child gain confidence since they’re standing to develop an understanding of the world. Here are some common signs a child is developing an understanding of math and science: Knows the difference between a circle, square, and triangle Can count to five (although may make some mistakes) Can identify 1, 2, or 3 quantities of things Is curious about the numbers Knows the difference between “some” and “all” Uses size words like “many” correctly Uses comparison words like “same as” correctly Is interested in patterns and sequences Can sort objects by colors or size Understands the concepts of “morning” and “night” and knows the order of the day Is curious about objects and events he or she sees in the environment Is curious about how things work, and offers possible explanations Is curious about animals and the sounds they make Knows and uses words like “fast”, “slow”, “hot”, and “cold” 7. The Child is Developing Social Skills and is Capable of Group Interaction The child must be able to get along in a social environment. If the child has already started to develop social skills, this ensures that he or she will be able to flourish in a learning environment with other children. Here are some common signs a child is developing social skills: Is excited to go to school, learn new things, and meet new friends Enjoys playing in a group with others and participating in group activities Does well with routine activities, like taking a nap after lunch Will anticipate routine activities and responds well to them, such as the nap after lunch Is interested in people in their lives like family members and friends Is interested in common jobs like doctors, teachers, and police officers Easily makes friends and has appropriate interactions with them Asks for help when needed Finishes activities Follows rules and respects limits 8. The Child is Developing Fine Motor Skills By the time the child is ready for pre-K, he or she should have developed some gross motor skills. Gross motor skills are the abilities required to control the large muscles in our bodies. These skills help children perform everyday functions like walking, jumping, skipping, and more. They are also important for self-care skills like dressing themselves, getting into a car, and maintaining table posture. In school, kids use these important motor skills to do things like sitting up during classroom instruction, playing on the playground, walking to their classroom, or carrying a heavy backpack. The quicker the child can learn these basic skills, the more physically ready he or she will be for preschool. Here are some common fine motor skills the child should be developing: Can do activities that require strength and balance, like jumping in place, running, kicking, or standing on one foot Displays some gross motor coordination like maneuvering around obstacles Can ride a tricycle Can run and kick a ball Displays some hand-eye coordination when playing with games like building blocks or putting together a simple puzzle Can use fingers instead of a whole fist to grip a pencil or crayons to write or draw Begins to show a preference for either left or right-handedness 9. The Child is Developing Reading and Writing Skills Getting a child started reading early has many psychological benefits including inspiring creativity, curiosity, and imaginative thinking. Children can learn to role-play and develop empathy, problem-solving skills, and a sense of morality. This helps them grow self-confidence. Reading and writing help children improve their communication skills through the expansion of vocabulary and better spelling, grammar, and verbal communication. Here are some common signs a child is developing literacy skills: Can hold a book properly Can turn the pages Realizes the words in a story convey a message Knows the first letter of his or her own name Knows the difference between some uppercase and lowercase letters Is familiar with some letters and letter sounds Is familiar with main characters in some stories Enjoys reading with others Can hold a writing tool with either a finger grasp or fist grasp Uses crayons, pens, pencils, and markers to draw Seems to “write” in a linear way (this could just be scribbles) Attempts to write their name 10. The Child is Developing Independence A child who develops independence and can endure separation from his or her caregiver may be ready for preschool. Children who have this ability can build confidence and develop skills that will enable them to succeed in many areas of preschool learning including socially, emotionally, and academically. If the child is unable to be independent at this time, it could be helpful to wait a bit longer until a better time. Here are some common signs a child is developing independence and is capable of separation: Can be separated from a caregiver for a few hours Enjoys doing things on his or her own at times; this can include things like getting dressed by themselves Likes to work on projects on her or her own for a few minutes Has spent some time being cared for other adults other than the caretakers; he or she did reasonably well Initiates independent play and maintains it Likes to read or do art on his or her own Can be separated for several hours, such as a birthday party at a friend’s house or a sleepover at the grandparent’s house Assess a Child’s Readiness for the Next Important Step Early childhood is one of the most important times in a child’s life. Therefore, knowing which school year is the best time for the child to enter preschool is essential. We hope this preschool readiness checklist can help caregivers, teachers, and family help assess a child’s readiness for the next important step in their lives. If a child fails to develop essential skills during the age-appropriate time, they might need to seek extra help or perhaps even get a diagnosis. Luckily, here at CASRF, we’ve got the programs to help!

Charitable giving is a personal and meaningful exercise. It is gratifying to give back to the resources entrusted to your care. Planning your charitable donations in advance can make this process even more empowering. But how do we know where to donate, and what is the best way of giving? This article will explore the basics of charitable donations, from understanding tax deductions to knowing the best places to give. We will also look at how you can make a real difference by donating wisely and with a purpose. By the end of this article, you will better understand the ins and outs of charitable donations and be able to make informed decisions about how to give. What is a Charity Donation? Charitable giving is a way to express your generosity and values throughout your lifetime. It can be enriching to put your resources toward causes that you feel passionate about. Making an intentional plan for your charitable donations can help you maximize the impact of your giving and ensure that your donations align with your values. Charitable giving is a great way to show your support for causes and organizations you care deeply about. It can also be an essential part of your overall estate, tax, and financial planning, allowing you to maximize the impact of your giving and manage your finances more effectively. Giving charitably is donating money, goods, stocks, or time to a charitable organization. It is essential because it helps fund the work of charities and organizations working to improve the lives of people in need. Moreover, charity can also provide tax benefits for individuals and businesses, as well as a way to give back to a cause that is meaningful to them. Additionally, charitable giving can create a sense of community and foster relationships between donors and the organizations they support. Types of Charitable Donations: Exploring the Different Types of Donations Depending on the size of your estate, the amount of money you want to donate, and your desired approach to giving, you may be unsure which type of charitable giving is best for you and your philanthropic goals. There are various ways to give, each with advantages and disadvantages that you should carefully consider before making a decision. 1. Donor-Advised Funds: DAF When you open a donor-advised fund (DAF), you contribute to an account set aside for future charitable donations. This money will remain in the fund until you decide who should receive it, anytime from the next month to years in advance. A donor-advised fund (DAF) is a type of charitable giving where you donate an irrevocable amount, such as cash or securities, to a nonprofit organization of your choice. In 2022, grants from donor-advised funds to charities totaled over $34 billion. One advantage of this type of giving is that you can direct the fund's administrator to make grants to the causes or organizations you are most passionate about. Additionally, you can take advantage of the maximum tax benefit from the IRS for your contribution and set up the fund to continue even after your death. Although donor-advised funds can have a more complex tax structure than other forms of charitable giving, your bank or wealth manager can help you make contributions to a DAF that comply with IRS regulations. The versatility of donor-advised funds is also an attractive feature. Donors can change their minds about which charities to support and make small and large donations to various charities during their lifetime and after their passing. 2. Real Estate If you own a property you no longer need and would incur a hefty tax bill if you sell it, donating it to charity is wise. If you still live in the property, you can arrange for it to become a charitable gift by transferring its deed after your death. This will lower your estate taxes, while in some cases, you may also qualify for a tax deduction equal to the property's fair market value. It is important to note that the IRS requires you to file Form 8283 for non-cash contributions of property valued at more than $500, and donations of real estate must also be appropriately documented. 3. Cash Donations A cash gift is the most straightforward form of charitable giving. Your tax deduction equals the amount of cash you donated minus any goods or services you received in return. This includes memberships to nonprofit organizations, such as a zoo or museums. You cannot transfer titles, certificates, or stocks in a cash donation. The main advantage of a cash gift is its simplicity - there are no complicated tax deductions or benefits to consider. However, you must keep a record of the cash contribution, as the IRS will only allow you to deduct cash contributions, no matter how small, with proof of receipt of the donation. 4. Stocks Donating long-term appreciated securities, like stocks, is one of the most tax-efficient ways to give. When you give in this way, you don’t have to worry about capital gains taxes because you’re not selling your stocks. In addition, you can donate any stocks you’ve owned for over a year and are now worth more than the original cost, and you’ll get a tax deduction equal to the stock’s total fair market value. This is an incredibly beneficial way to give, as it can help you save money on taxes while supporting a cause you care about. 5. Charitable Trusts Charitable trusts are a type of legal entities created to donate to charity. Charitable trusts are often established by an individual or a company and can be used to provide tax deductions and other benefits to the donor. Charitable trusts can be used to donate money to any registered charity or non-profit organization and are often used to support specific causes, such as education, health care, poverty relief, or other causes. Charitable trusts are also often used to set up endowments, which are invested and used to support a charity's activities over time. Charitable trusts are a great way to give back to the community and support important causes while also taking advantage of tax deductions. 6. Assets Donating your assets to charity comes with several benefits, such as a charitable income tax deduction and not having to recognize the gifted income as part of your estate. Additionally, leaving tax-deferred accounts in your estate for your beneficiaries can provide them with a nice inheritance that won't be taxed. Moreover, if you donate tangible items such as art and jewelry, you may be eligible for a tax deduction equal to the value of the assets. However, you may receive an even higher deduction if the asset is related to the charity. It is important to remember to document any gifts made to charity, including the type of donation, the name of the organization, the date of the donation, and the amount of the donation. The Benefits of Charitable Donations Charitable donations can be an enriching experience for the donor. They provide the opportunity to give back to the community and make a difference in people’s lives. The benefits of donating to charity include tangible and intangible rewards, such as tax deductions and the sense of satisfaction from helping others. Financial Benefits: One of the most obvious financial benefits of charitable donations to the donor is the potential for tax deductions. Donating can be claimed as a deduction on your tax return, reducing the amount of taxes you owe. This can be especially advantageous for those who donate large sums of money, as the tax savings can be significant. One of the most common tangible benefits of making a charitable donation is the tax deduction associated with the donation. Depending on the country, donations may be deductible from a donor’s taxable income, which can significantly reduce the donor’s tax burden. Additionally, charitable donations might be eligible for additional tax breaks or credits, such as sales or estate tax deductions. Personal Satisfaction: The most rewarding benefit of donating to charity is the sense of personal satisfaction that comes with it. Donating to a worthy cause can give a donor a feeling of accomplishment and pride in knowing their contribution is positively impacting the world. Charitable donations can also promote greater compassion, understanding, and empathy by helping those who are less fortunate. Connections with Others: Charitable donations also provide an opportunity to connect with like-minded individuals who share the same values and goals. Donors can join donation campaigns, volunteer opportunities, or other charitable events to meet and engage with people who care about the same causes. This can help build strong social connections and foster meaningful relationships with people in the same community. In conclusion, charitable donations can provide both tangible and intangible benefits to the donor. By donating to charity, donors can receive tax deductions, experience a sense of personal satisfaction, and even connect with other individuals who share their values. Charitable donations are an excellent way for donors to give back to the community and make a real difference in people’s lives. How to Make Charitable Donations If you really want to make a difference, charitable donations are a surefire way to start. There are many different organizations with good causes to choose from. Most non-profit organizations people find worthy of donating to are usually about cases like poverty, world hunger, etc. While these may all be worthy causes, one that requires more attention concerns children with speech disorders, like the California Scottish Rite Foundation. They offer programs to help these special needs children. One such program is The RiteCare Childhood Language Center. The RiteCare Childhood Language Centers of California rely solely on private donations to continue their mission of helping children with speech, language, and literacy disorders. They do not receive state or federal funds, and all donations to a Childhood Language Center will be restricted to use at that specific Center and the community it serves. Make a Difference Today – Your gift today can make a difference and help improve a child’s life! By donating, you can genuinely impact and touch a child’s life. Tax Implications of Charitable Donations The tax benefits of making a charitable contribution are determined by the recipient organization (only donations to eligible charities are deductible), the way you structure the gift, and the kind of property you choose to donate. Charitable donations can have significant tax implications for both individuals and businesses. Donations of cash, securities, and other property may be deductible in the year they are made. However, the deductibility of a donation is subject to specific eligibility requirements, such as a minimum donation amount, the organization's level of tax exemption, and the item's fair market value. Individuals can generally deduct up to 60% of their adjusted gross income (AGI) in the tax year of the donation. On the other hand, businesses can deduct up to 25% of their taxable income in the tax year of the donation. In addition, any excess donations over the annual limits may be carried forward to the following five tax years. Certain restrictions apply to deductible donations. Contributions to individuals, political action committees, and for-profit organizations are not eligible for a deduction. Likewise, donations of inventory, services, and use of property are generally not deductible. Charitable donations may also be subject to certain estate and gift tax exemptions. For example, the federal estate tax exemption for a deceased spouse's estate could be increased if the executor of the estate includes a charitable donation in the estate. Similarly, gifts of $15,000 or less per recipient per year may be exempt from the federal gift tax. Overall, donors should carefully consider the tax implications of their donations and consult a qualified tax advisor to ensure they comply with applicable laws. Ultimately, the most crucial factor in donating is finding an organization that resonates with you and that you would like to support. Any tax benefits you may receive as a result of your donation are simply an added bonus. Therefore, it is vital to research the various donation strategies and vehicles available and consult with a financial planner, tax advisor, or philanthropic advisor to determine the best way to give that suits your situation.

Many people donate to charitable organizations when considering ways to give back to their communities. Donors have many questions about their donations, from where the money will go to the impact it can have on others. This article will answer the most commonly asked donor questions about their donations and the organizations they are giving to. It will help potential donors understand the donation process. From understanding the use of funds to exploring the impact of their donations, readers will learn how important and meaningful a donation can be. Here are some of the most common questions donors ask about their donations to non-profits and fundraising: 1. What are the RiteCare Childhood Language Centers of California? The RiteCare Childhood Language Centers of California are a non-profit organization that provides free or low-cost speech and language services for children with communication disorders. The organization has centers throughout California and serves thousands of children annually. Donations from individuals, corporations, and foundations fund the organization. The RiteCare Childhood Language Centers of California are a 501(c)(3) organization; donations are tax-deductible. 2. What are the Funds of the Scottish Rite Foundation Used For? The Scottish Rite Foundation is an independent, non-profit organization that uses its funds to support education and research on the history, philosophy, and practice of Freemasonry. The foundation provides grants to educational institutions and organizations and awards scholarships to students studying Masonic philosophy and history. Fundraising by the foundation has been used for research projects and to support Masonic educational activities such as conferences, lectures, classes, and seminars. In addition, the foundation funds scholarships for college and university studies related to Freemasonry. The foundation also provides support for educational programs and services to encourage Masonic education and research. 3. What is the Difference Between a Donation and a Grant? Many people need clarification on these two terms since they mean different things: What is a grant? A grant is a sum of money given to an individual, organization, or government agency to support a specific project or cause. Grants are typically provided by foundations, corporations, or government sources and are typically awarded based on the merit of the project or cause they are meant to fund. Grants can provide funding for research projects, educational initiatives, and community development projects, among other things. Grants can also be used to provide financial assistance to individuals and organizations in need, such as those affected by natural disasters. What is a donation? A donation is a gift of money or other valuable items given to an individual, organization, or institution. Donations are usually given with no expectation of return and may be made in the form of cash, property, or services. Donations are usually tax-deductible, making them a valuable source of financial support for nonprofits, charities, and other organizations. Donations may also be used to support causes such as environmental conservation, medical research, or disaster relief. Comparing Donations and Grants A donation is when someone gives money or items to a charity, organization, or cause. A grant is when an organization or government agency gives money, scholarships, or other kinds of support to an individual or group. So, the difference between a donation and a grant is who is giving the money or support--either an individual or organization, a group, or a government entity. Grants and donations are both forms of philanthropic giving, but there are some critical differences between them. Grants are typically awarded to organizations or individuals for a specific purpose, such as research, education, or the development of a program. Grants are usually awarded after an application process, and the money is typically used to fund a specific project or program. Donations, on the other hand, are usually given without any specific expectations or conditions attached. Donations are typically unrestricted, meaning the recipients can use the money for whatever purpose they choose. Grants are usually much larger than donations and typically require more oversight and reporting on how they used the money. 4. What Tax Benefits do Donors Receive? Donors can receive a tax deduction for their contributions to a public charity, including a donor-advised fund. The tax deduction is usually limited to 30% of a donor’s adjusted gross income (AGI) for cash donations and 20% of AGI for contributions of long-term capital gain property. Additionally, donor-advised funds may offer other benefits such as tax-free investment growth and estate planning advantages. Tax write-offs: Donations to registered charities and non-profit organizations are eligible for deductions in most countries. Taxpayers can deduct any donation that is made in cash, securities, or property. Depending on the size of the donation, donors receive a percentage of the total donation as a tax write-off. For example, in the United States, donations of up to 50% of the taxpayer's adjusted gross income can be deducted. Donations to specific individuals are not eligible for tax write-offs, but donations to organizations that provide assistance to individuals, such as food banks, homeless shelters, and educational institutions, may be eligible. Certain donations, such as donations of cars, boats, and planes, may also be eligible for tax write-offs. Donors need to obtain a tax receipt for any donation to act as proof for the tax deduction. Charitable gifts: Charitable gifts are eligible for tax benefits, depending on the type of gift and the organization they are donated to. Generally, cash donations to a public charity are eligible for a tax deduction of up to 30% of the donor's adjusted gross income (AGI). Contributions of long-term capital gain property to public charities may be eligible for a tax deduction of up to 20% of AGI. Gifts to a donor-advised fund may provide additional tax benefits, such as tax-free investment growth and estate planning advantages. Because the RiteCare Childhood Language Centers of California, a program of the California Scottish Rite Foundation, is classified by the Internal Revenue Service as a not-for-profit, charitable, tax-exempt organization with 501(c)(3) status, contributions to the Foundation may be considered deductible for income tax purposes in accordance with IRS regulations. The receipt you receive for your contribution will identify any specifics needed to determine the tax treatment of your contribution. The information on this site is not intended as legal, tax, or investment advice. Please consult an attorney, tax professional, or investment professional for such advice. 5. How can Donors Ensure their Donations Go to the Right Cause? To ensure that donors' donations are going to the right cause, it is vital to do research and due diligence. Donors should look into the organization they are donating to, their mission and goals, their financials, and their track record in terms of results. Donors should also look for transparent organizations and have clear expectations for how the funds will be used. It is also essential to ensure that the organization is a registered 501(c)(3) non-profit organization, as donations to non-registered organizations may not be tax-deductible. Finally, donors should look for organizations that are committed to using their donations responsibly and effectively and regularly report back to donors on the impact their donations have had. You can research the California Scottish Rite Foundation on our website. You can see the programs we run for children with special needs and how they use donated funds. To follow up on donations, donors should reach out to the organization they donated to and ask for updates on the use of their funds. The organization should be able to provide information on how their donation was used and its impact. Additionally, donors should make sure to keep records of their donations, including receipts and bank statements. This will help ensure that donors can claim any applicable tax deductions. 6. What types of Donations can I Make? Donors can make various donations, including cash donations, in-kind donations (such as goods or services), and donations of appreciated securities or property. Additionally, donors can make donations through a donor-advised fund or private foundation or set up a Charitable Remainder Trust. All of these types of donations are incredibly important to many organizations' success and are greatly appreciated. The Scottish Rite Foundation accepts cash gifts with a credit card, marketable securities, and other appreciated assets. Planned gifts, such as life insurance, annuities, trusts, and bequests, are also ways to contribute significantly to the RiteCare Childhood Language Centers of California, a program of the California Scottish Rite Foundation. 7. What is an Endowment? An endowment is a type of donation in which the donor makes a contribution to a charitable organization, and the funds are invested for the long term, with the principal of the donation remaining intact. The purpose of the endowment is to provide a perpetual source of income to the organization, which is usually used to fund programs or scholarships. Endowments may also provide tax benefits to the donor, depending on the type of donation and the organization it is donated to. A financial endowment is a transfer of money or property donated to an institution, usually with the stipulation that it be invested and the principal remains intact in perpetuity or for a defined period. This allows the donation to have a much greater impact over a long period of time than if it were spent all at once. A permanent endowment allows the RiteCare Childhood Language Centers of California, a California Scottish Rite Foundation program to plan confidently for the future. An Endowment seeds new programs not typically funded through donations provide support for new ventures in established programs and makes it possible to attract and retain the best and brightest employees. 8. Why Should I Trust Your Online Donation Form? Donors can trust the Scottish Rite Foundation online donation form because it is secure and encrypted. The form is encrypted and meets all of the Payment Card Industry (PCI) Data Security Standards, so donors can rest assured that their personal and financial information is safe. A third-party secure payment processor processes all donations, and the Scottish Rite Foundation never stores or sees donors’ payment information. Donors will receive an email confirmation of their donation and a receipt for tax reporting purposes. Additionally, the online donation form is designed to be easy to use and understand, so donors can be sure that their donations are being processed correctly and efficiently. 9. Why Should I Give Monthly (And How Can I Do it Easily)? Donating to the Scottish Rite Foundation is a great way to help support valuable programs that benefit children with language-based learning disabilities. Not only does your donation help support these programs, but it also has a lasting impact on the lives of children and families across the country. Recurring donations are an easy way to ensure your support continues throughout the year and are a great way to make a significant difference. To make a recurring monthly donation, donors simply need to select “Recurring” and change the tab at the Scottish Rite Foundation website when making the donation. Donors then enter their payment information, the amount of their donation, and their desired payment frequency. Donations will continue until donors decide to cancel or suspend their donation. By choosing the recurring donation, donors are ensuring that the Scottish Rite Foundation can continue to provide vital support to children and families. It also makes giving more convenient since donors don’t have to worry about making a donation every time – they can simply set it and forget it. Donating to the Scottish Rite Foundation is a great way to make a difference in the lives of children and families. Donors can make recurring weekly or monthly donations easily and conveniently, ensuring their support continues throughout the year. In conclusion, the Scottish Rite Foundation is committed to assisting donors in any way they can. From financial to charitable donations, they are dedicated to providing the necessary resources to help improve our communities. With a thorough explanation of the frequently asked questions by donors, we know that the Foundation is here to help us all. With their dedication to the community and hard work, the Scottish Rite Foundation will continue to positively impact our society.

In 1962, Cody became the first patient at the Scottish Rite Institute for Childhood Aphasia at Stanford University under the supervision of the late Drs. Jon Eisenson and Robert H. Gottsleben. Cody got the proper care he needed, which started his inspiring journey. Cody was born in 1953, in the small town of Salinas, California, to parents Betty and Paul Williams. As a toddler, Cody struggled with communication and speech progression, leading to discouragement and frustration. He was wrongly assessed as having epileptic seizures, but his parents refused this diagnosis. Cody was correctly diagnosed as hearing impaired and aphasic by the California Scottish Rite Foundation. Cody Paul Williams peacefully passed away from natural causes on January 11th in Southern California at age 64. As the very 1st speech-language therapy student of the California Scottish Rite Foundation, Cody Williams's story became a turning point for those who had similar struggles. During Cody's time in therapy, his mother, Betty, started advocating for suitable public education for the physically impaired and neurologically diverse so that children like her son could access appropriate learning resources. Betty knew her family wasn't alone in the community, so she contacted and organized with other parents with similar experiences. News about Cody's story began to spread, which was shared through news clippings throughout the town and neighboring communities. This caught the attention of the local March of Dimes; by age 8, he became the face of their organization. A big part of Cody's success with the California Scottish Rite Foundation was that the intensive therapy enabled him to integrate into mainstream schooling, which was the goal for children like him to experience public school like every other kid. Cody's journey inspired his small-town school district to establish a special classroom for students needing extra assistance. This was the start of a movement that changed how public schools started implementing assisted learning classes and programs. Through his high school years, Cody made lots of lifelong friends. Being able to experience high school like every other kid made him feel seen. After graduating from Salinas High School in 1978, Cody began his studies in Alabama at Birmingham Bible School for the Deaf. He returned home to California, then enrolled at Ohlone College to take deaf studies and studio art. Cody also spent time in Iowa to work with Deaf Missions, where the first American Sign Language version of the Christian Bible was created and published. His studies were possible because the California Scottish Rite Foundation gave him access to the world of learning and communication. In short, Cody was "seen" as a person by someone other than his parents, and that made all the difference. Cody Williams' story opened the door for so many who were in his same shoes. Cody had an extensive support system after his time in the California Scottish Rite Foundation Programs. This group of amazing people consisted of his niece and nephews, caring neighbors, loving family, and trusted friends who all appreciated Cody's generosity by returning the favor. Cody was immensely impactful on so many people in his life. The love was and is still very much felt.

Not being able to communicate with your young child may be devastating. If they are unable to understand you or are unable to express themselves, it can even feel like a barrier between you. If this is the case, you will need to understand the various language disorders aka language impairments. In this article, we will discuss the most common types of language disorders and their causes. We will also suggest some treatments that can help raise the communication barriers between you and your child. How a Developmental Delay Can Affect Your Child Every child develops differently. Some may reach developmental milestones quicker than others, while some may be left far behind. Being slow to hit a milestone in early childhood may not be a reason to panic. But if these delays happen continually or multiple times, it could be a sign your child has a developmental delay. Check out our checklist of normal developmental milestones. Having a developmental delay occurs when a child is slow to hit milestones around language, thinking, social, or motor skills. As a result, the child may have trouble following instructions and learning how to read and spell. This can develop into learning disabilities for some children, which can cause them to suffer from related problems in adult life. Children with learning disabilities have difficulty reading, spelling, and writing. They may also struggle with math and may lack social skills. These children are likely to experience things like performance anxiety, low self-esteem, depression, loss of motivation, or chronic fatigue. They may even act out in various ways to distract from their schooling challenges. That is why it is very important to pay attention to developmental delays in your child. Difference Between Speech and Language Delays: Keep in mind that speech problems are not the same as language disorders and will be diagnosed and treated differently. Speech delays occur when a child isn’t saying as many words as other kids their age. For example, stuttering (a speech disorder) and phonological disorders (speech sound disorders) affect the way one’s speech comes across. Treating these issues will involve the child practicing sounds. A language delay, on the other hand, occurs when the child has issues understanding others or expressing their thoughts. Their problems are fundamentally language-based, encompassing the areas of speaking, gesturing, signing, and writing. If you can see any of these issues ahead of time, you may be able to find early intervention methods to cope with these challenges more quickly. In this article, we will focus on language delays and how they could indicate a possible language disorder. The most common language disorders in children are receptive and expressive. It is also possible for a child to suffer from both disorders. Between 3-5% of young children have one or both of these disorders. Receptive Language Disorder When a child cannot understand what they hear or read, they may have a receptive language disorder, aka language comprehension deficit. This disorder typically develops before the child is three years old. Receptive language disorder can be either developmental or acquired. S Symptoms: Each child’s symptoms will vary. However, the most common symptoms of a receptive language disorder in children are: Giving the impression they aren’t listening when you speak to them Seem uninterested when books are read to them Trouble understanding the meaning of words Trouble understanding gestures Trouble understanding complicated sentences Has a hard time learning new words Difficulty answering questions Trouble identifying objects Difficulty understanding concepts and ideas Difficulty following long or complicated verbal instructions Causes: Sometimes the cause of receptive language disorder is not known. Or it can come from one or a combination of factors: There is a family history of receptive language disorder The child has little practice hearing language spoken in their daily life Aphasia: This is an acquired language disorder that happened due to brain injury, infection, tumors, or a degenerative brain disorder. Those with aphasia will have difficulty with language formulation. There are many types of aphasia and will have different issues depending on what part of the brain was affected. Developmental and cognitive disorders such as autism spectrum disorder or Down syndrome Hearing impairment or hearing loss Vision impairment Attention disorders If the child has a language disorder that does not seem to be caused by a physical disability, intellectual disability, or environmental factors, this may be considered a developmental language disorder (DLD). This term is used interchangeably with specific language impairment (SLI), language delay, expressive-receptive language disorder, or developmental dysphasia. DLD will typically run in the family and commonly occurs with other diagnoses like Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) and other learning disorders. Treatment Options: To help your child overcome receptive language disorder, consider treatment options like: Speech-language therapy: Speech-language therapy can be done on a one-on-one basis or in a group format, depending on what your child needs. For speech therapy, especially to aid in articulation, it can be more effective to get sessions with a language therapist on an individual basis. Home exercises: There are exercises that caregivers can do at home to encourage language growth in your child. Practice naming items together, explain new concepts in different ways, play Simon says, or put together an obstacle course. You can also play the feely bag game with an emphasis on guessing the item, describing its characteristics, and answering questions about it. Look at picture books with your child, ask them questions about the pictures, and help them guess what might happen next. Language intervention programs: These are typically school-based programs that can focus on auditory skills as well as other language issues. Special education classes: In the US, if a child has a confirmed diagnosis of a speech and language disorder, they are eligible for special education classes. This is provided under the Individuals with Disabilities Act (IDEA). Teacher’s aide support: Those with severe impairment can benefit from the support of a teacher’s aide. Psychologist: If the child exhibits behavioral problems, it can be beneficial to schedule an appointment with a licensed child psychologist to help resolve these issues. How well your child progresses depends on a variety of factors; no child is the same after all. Keep in mind that some setbacks like brain injuries can be particularly debilitating. A person affected by them may never get back to what is considered normal functioning. Expressive Language Disorder When a child has trouble speaking, writing, and expressing their thoughts and feelings, they may have an expressive language disorder. The child may have no issue comprehending language but are still unable to express themselves at the level of others their age. This includes problems with vocabulary, expressing complex sentences, and word recall, and they could have some articulation issues. But keep in mind that expressive language disorder isn’t a speech disorder, though it may be confused as one. Expressive language disorder can be either developmental or acquired. Symptoms: As we’ve mentioned above, a child with a receptive language disorder may also have an expressive language disorder. Or they may only suffer from one or the other. The symptoms of expressive language disorder are as follows: Difficulty finding the right word or using the wrong words Grammar mistakes Using short, simple sentences Mixing up past, present, and future tenses Struggling to add new vocabulary words Have trouble being clear with what they want to say Have trouble conveying a story or relaying information Difficulty starting or holding conversations Difficulty using gestures Have trouble asking questions Difficulty singing songs Causes: As previously mentioned with receptive language disorders, expressive language disorders may not have an apparent cause. But it may also be caused by either one or more of the following: Autism Down syndrome Hearing issues Developmental issues beginning from birth Aphasia Medical issues Family history If the child has a language disorder that does not seem to be caused by a physical disability, intellectual disability, or environmental factors, this may be considered a developmental language disorder (DLD). This term is used interchangeably with specific language impairment (SLI), language delay, expressive-receptive language disorder, or developmental dysphasia. DLD will typically run in the family and commonly occurs with other diagnoses like Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) and other learning disorders. Treatment options: The type of treatment that is best for your child depends on how serious their condition is. Some options include: Speech pathologist sessions: These can be either group or individual therapy sessions. In a session, a speech-language pathologist (SLP) can use playful methods to relax your child and enable them to open up and communicate. These methods could include toys, books, objects, or pictures that can help with language skills and language development. They may also have activities to do or can practice asking and answering questions with your child. Language intervention programs: These are typically school-based programs that can focus on auditory skills as well as other language issues. Special education classes: In the US, if a child has a confirmed diagnosis of a speech and language disorder, they are eligible for special education classes. This is provided under the Individuals with Disabilities Act (IDEA). Teacher’s aide support: Those with severe impairment can benefit from the support of a teacher’s aide. Home exercises: You too can make a difference in treating your child’s expressive language difficulties. Set aside time every time to read with your child. Reading a book with little to no text is a great way to get a child talking. Ask your child to tell a story about each picture. If this feels difficult for him or her, prompt him by asking questions or making observations about the pictures. Then ask what will happen next, and elaborate on what he or she comes up with. Help your child expand their communication skills by encouraging various ways of saying things. For example, you could come up with wacky or nonsensical ways to say things to get your child’s brain patterns going in different directions. This will encourage a different response from them, and hopefully more forms of expression. Get a Proper Diagnosis Although this article may be a good resource for learning about language disorders, it is imperative to get your child a proper diagnosis. If you notice any of the symptoms we’ve mentioned for receptive or expressive language disorders, talk with your child’s pediatrician or school staff. Communication disorders can be very complicated, so getting an informed opinion from your healthcare provider is the best way to go. He or she will look at your child’s health history, and ask about your child’s language habits. There may even be a physical exam or hearing test. Besides a diagnosis, your child’s healthcare provider will have information on helpful resources and can give you a referral to professionals specializing in speech-language pathology. Make sure your speech-language pathologist (SLP) is ASHA certified. The American speech-language-hearing association grants the Certificate of Clinical Competence (CCC) to those candidates who meet the specific requirements. These certified professionals must adhere to the ASHA Code of Ethics, which holds the highest integrity standards and ethical principles in the industry. An SLP is an expert in language disorders in children. They work in private practices, doctors’ offices, hospitals, schools, colleges, and rehab centers. We also have certified SLPs available with free therapy services through our foundation. Check for locations near you. Making a Difference Receptive language disorder occurs when a child cannot understand what they hear or read. Expressive language disorder occurs when a child has trouble speaking, writing, and expressing their thoughts and feelings. It is also possible for your child to suffer from both disorders. The causes of these disorders vary and sometimes are completely unknown. Regardless of the cause, some treatments can help lessen the effects of this disorder. Here at RiteCare Childhood Language Centers of California, we hope to make a difference in your child’s language disorder.

Children learn a language when they are in their mother’s wombs. They can easily pick up the language or languages used by their family and environment. However, learning to speak a language takes time, and each child develops at their own pace. While most children typically reach language and speech milestones, some may struggle with certain sounds, words, and sentences. Nonetheless, by age 5, most children can easily use language. Children may sometimes show signs of normal language and speech development but fail to produce certain phonemes. This can result in difficulty with pronunciation and articulation. This article highlights and explores the common examples of articulation disorders in children. When is it an Articulation Disorder? Mispronunciations and errors in speech are common among young children as they learn to talk. Adults may find these mistakes cute and mistake them for baby talk. As children grow older, their articulation skills improve, and their speech usually becomes much clearer. Most children outgrow this ‘baby-talk’ phase naturally, but if a child is having difficulty producing sounds and communicating, it may be a sign of a more serious problem. It is normal for children to take some time to develop their speech properly, and there can be minor delays in developing some speech abilities. However, a prolonged delay may be caused by a speech disorder in certain Apraxia of Speeches. If you suspect your child is affected by a speech disorder, your doctor may refer you to a pediatric neurologist or a speech therapist. Common speech disorders in children include articulation disorders, phonological disorders, and stuttering. An articulation disorder is diagnosed when a child has difficulty producing certain sounds correctly. This can happen when a child has difficulty forming the sound correctly or cannot say the sound at all. Articulation disorders are typically diagnosed when a child has difficulty producing age-appropriate sounds or when their speech is so unclear that it is difficult to understand. If a child is having difficulty producing certain sounds, they may need speech therapy to help them learn how to produce the sound correctly. Common Articulation Disorders in Children Certain children may experience difficulty understanding and speaking and may require extra help. If a child does not reach language milestones at the same rate as other children, it may be a sign of a language or speech delay or disorder. Here are the most common examples of articulation disorders in children. 1. Apraxia of Speech Apraxia of speech is when a child has difficulty with speech production or the physical act of producing speech sounds. This can make it difficult for children to talk with their peers or to express their needs to their parents. It can also make it difficult for children to learn to read and write. Apraxia of speech can affect individuals at any age, but it is more common in children. It is also more common in children with other speech or language disabilities, such as articulation disorders or verbal apraxia. Childhood apraxia of speech is a neurological speech sound disorder in which the precision and consistency of movements involved in speech are impaired. Apraxia of Speech affects a child's ability to accurately, fluently, and consistently produce sounds and syllables. Children with Apraxia of Speech have difficulty saying even simple words, and their speech may sound challenging to understand or even unintelligible. They may also have difficulty coordinating the muscles used for speech, which can lead to various speech patterns, including slow, choppy, and monotone speech. Apraxia of Speech is usually present from birth but may not be diagnosed until a child is older. It is not always easy to diagnose because children's speech and language development can vary. Some signs of Apraxia of Speech include difficulty saying sounds, stringing words together, and following directions. Children with Apraxia of Speech may also have difficulty controlling the pitch, loudness, and speed of their speech. To diagnose Apraxia of Speech, a speech-language pathologist (SLP) will complete an assessment of the child's communication skills. This may include an examination of the child's speech, language, cognitive abilities, and oral motor skills. The SLP may also use standardized tests and observe the child's speech in different contexts. Treatment for Apraxia of Speech typically involves speech therapy. Speech therapy aims to help the child learn to use their muscles correctly to produce speech. This may involve imitation, repetition, practice, and strategies to help the child learn how to use their muscles correctly. The SLP may also offer parent training to help the child practice their speech at home. 2. Stuttering Stuttering is a speech disorder that affects the fluency of speech. People who stutter may repeat words or parts of words, have difficulty starting a word or sentence, prolong certain sounds, or exhibit other behaviors that disrupt their speech. Children who stutter may feel embarrassed or anxious about their speech, leading to social, emotional, and educational challenges. Everyone stumbles through their words now and then. In fact, the National Institute on Deafness and Other Communication Disorders (NIDCD) estimates that 3 million Americans stutter. Of the 10% of children who stutter, up to three-quarters will outgrow it. It is important to note that stuttering is different from cluttering. Stuttering typically begins between the ages of 2 and 5 and is more common in boys than girls. It is thought to be caused by a combination of genetic and environmental factors. There is no one-size-fits-all treatment for stuttering, but speech therapy and other interventions can help reduce stuttering and improve communication skills. Therapy typically focuses on helping the child gain control over their speech and reducing the physical tension associated with stuttering. Techniques such as slowing down speech rate, using regular pauses, and emphasizing certain syllables can help make speech easier and more fluent. In addition, speech therapy may include other strategies to help the child cope with their stuttering, such as relaxation techniques and building self-confidence. 3. Dysarthria Dysarthria is a motor speech disorder caused by damage to the muscles and nerves that control speech. It affects how a person speaks, making their speech slurred and slow. Children with dysarthria may have difficulty forming words and may have a limited range of sounds or difficulty pronouncing certain sounds. They may also have difficulty controlling the volume and pitch of their voice. Treatment for dysarthria typically involves speech-language therapy. A speech-language pathologist (SLP) will evaluate the child's speech and language skills and design an individualized treatment plan. Therapy aims to improve the child's clarity, rate, and volume. This may involve exercises to improve the child's speech muscles, coordination, and strategies to help them learn to use their voice more effectively. In addition to speech-language therapy, the SLP may recommend augmentative and alternative communication (AAC) devices to help the child communicate more effectively. These devices can range from simple picture boards to sophisticated computer-based ones. An SLP can help the child and their family choose an AAC device that best meets their needs. 4. Lisping Lisping is a common and easily recognizable speech disorder in which the speaker makes a “th” sound when trying to make an “s'' sound. This type of lisping, an interdental or dentalized lisp, is caused by the tongue reaching past or touching the front teeth. Other types of lisps include palatal, velar, lateral, and alveolar. Speech-language pathologists (SLPs) can provide extra expertise when diagnosing and treating lisping disorders. They can help distinguish between different types of lisps and ensure that a lisp is not confused with another type of disorder, such as apraxia, aphasia, impaired development of expressive language, or a speech impediment caused by hearing loss. Treatment may include pronunciation and annunciation coaching, re-teaching how a sound or word should be pronounced, practicing in front of a mirror, and speech-muscle strengthening exercises such as drinking out of a straw. Experts recommend seeking professional SLP intervention for any type of lisp as soon as possible. For an interdental or dentalized lisp, this should occur if a child has reached the age of four and still has a lisp. 5. Sound Omission Sound omission is a speech disorder where a child omits certain sounds or syllables when speaking. This can result in the child leaving out part of a word or omitting entire words when speaking. Sound omissions are most common in children who are still learning to speak and are often a result of the child not yet having the motor skills necessary to pronounce words properly. The child may completely omit some sounds in words and sentences. For example, the child may say “at” when they mean to say “hat,” or “oo” to mean “shoe,” and so on. Speech-language pathologists can help children with sound omissions work on their motor skills and develop their speech. They may use speech drills, articulation therapy, and other techniques to help the child improve their speech and develop their language skills. Early Intervention Early intervention refers to interventions aimed at preventing or addressing a problem as soon as it is identified. It is most commonly used in early childhood development and is usually initiated when a child is identified as having a developmental delay or disability. Early intervention typically involves providing specialized services, such as therapy, educational support, and family services, to help the child reach their developmental milestones. Early intervention can promote the child's overall development and help them avoid more serious developmental issues later. Children with language difficulties may require additional assistance and tailored instruction. Speech-language pathologists can work directly with children, their parents, guardians, and teachers. Early intervention services are available to children up to three years old who show evidence of a language or speech delay or disorder. Certain organizations, like the Scottish Rite Foundation, provide special education services for children aged three and older. Many childcare programs undertake language or speech assessments to determine whether a child requires intervention. A healthcare professional should evaluate if there are any other worries regarding the child's hearing, behavior, or emotions. All involved parties—parents, healthcare providers, and schools—should collaborate to get the proper referrals and treatment. Benefits of Early Intervention Early intervention can be immensely beneficial for a variety of reasons. Early intervention can help identify any possible developmental delays and allow children to catch up with their peers. Early intervention can also help reduce the risk of long-term developmental issues by providing children with the necessary resources to help them succeed. Early intervention can aid in children's social and emotional development, as they can engage in activities designed to help them build relationships and form lasting friendships. Working with a Speech-Language Pathologist Working with a speech-language pathologist can be a beneficial and rewarding experience. Speech-language pathologists evaluate, diagnose, and treat communication and swallowing disorders. Speech-language pathologists are highly trained professionals who understand the complexities of communication and the many different ways it can be affected. They use various tools, including observation, assessment, and therapeutic intervention, to create tailored treatment plans for each patient. These plans can include activities, exercises, and modifications to the environment or the patient’s lifestyle to help improve communication. In addition to working with individuals, speech-language pathologists can also work with families and caregivers to teach them how to support their loved one’s communication goals effectively. They can create a supportive and nurturing environment to ensure the best possible treatment outcomes. Speech-language pathologists can provide a wide range of services, from therapy to advocacy. They are an integral part of any team of healthcare professionals and can provide valuable insight into a patient’s communication needs. With specialized knowledge, experience, and compassion, a speech-language pathologist can help individuals with communication difficulties live a more fulfilling life. Helping All Children Overcome Articulation Disorders Common articulation disorders are a serious yet treatable issue in children. Early diagnosis and intervention can help to remediate the problem, allowing children to express themselves more effectively. Speech-language pathologists can work with children to develop strategies to improve articulation and pronunciation and minimize the effects of the disorder. With the right care, children with articulation disorders can lead normal, healthy lives and maximize their potential. Here at the California Scottish Rite Foundation, we understand the importance of language in a child's future success. We are committed to helping these children acquire the skills they need to build a brighter future. Your generous donation will enable us to continue our work and make a real difference in the lives of these children. Please consider donating today so that we can make a positive impact on the lives of these children. Thank you for your support!

For parents, the anticipation of their child's first words is exciting. Will my baby say “Mom” or “Dad”? It is a special moment that will be remembered for a lifetime, marking a significant milestone in the child's development. However, some toddlers are slower to talk than other kids. It can be difficult and scary for parents to discover why their child isn’t speaking as early as other children their age. Late talking can signify a more serious problem, such as a language delay or developmental disorder. To help parents recognize the potential signs that their child may be a late talker, this article will discuss the signs to look out for, when to seek help, and how to support your child in their communication development. But first, what is late talking? What is a Late Talker? Late talkers, also known as late language learners (LLE), are children who delay their language development. This delay can manifest in various ways, including difficulty with producing or understanding speech sounds, forming sentences or phrases, and difficulty with expressing thoughts or ideas. Late talkers may also need help with social interaction and communication and understanding the meaning of words or sentences. In helping a late talker, it is essential to identify the underlying cause of the delay, which may include physical, cognitive, or neurological issues. Children late to talk may have a speech sound disorder (SLD), a learning disability, or some other cause. If your child is not talking by about age three, or if you have concerns about your child's speech, contact your pediatrician for an evaluation by a speech-language pathologist. Early intervention is the best way to help a late talker reach their full potential. If your child has a speech sound disorder, an SLP can provide the appropriate therapy and support to help them improve their speech abilities. How To Tell If Your Child Is A Late Talker More often than not, late talking is just a temporary stage and not a sign of a problem, but late talkers have been wrongly labeled as having autism. Almost all kids with autism are late talkers—but not all late talkers have autism. It is important to remember that late talking has many explanations and that the first word usually shows up around 12 months. However, there is a wide variation in when kids start to talk, and it is common to have first words before the first birthday or after the second. More than half the time, late talking is just a stage, and if you follow a group of 2- and 3-year-olds with language delays, as many as 60 percent will be speaking just fine a year or two later. Therefore, it is important not to panic but rather seek the advice of a professional to ensure that the child is on track with their language development. Identifying Late Talkers Identifying if your child is a late talker can be difficult as you may misdiagnose the issue. It requires careful monitoring and understanding of your child's development and awareness of the norms and expectations for language development. First, it is vital to understand the typical stages and milestones of language development. Generally, by the time a child is 18 months old, they should have a vocabulary of at least ten words and understand basic language concepts. By the time they are three, they should be actively expressing themselves and engaging in conversations. If your child is not demonstrating these milestones, it is essential to consult a professional. Here is what you can expect: 18 months - At this age, babies can typically say a few words such as "mama" and "dada." They can equally understand simple commands like "pick up the toy" and use a variety of words like nouns ("baby," "food"), verbs ("come," "go"), prepositions ("up," "down"), adjectives ("hot," "big"), and social words ("hey," "bye"). 24 months - At this stage, toddlers should be able to use around 50 spontaneous words and be able to combine two words to form meaningful phrases such as "doggie gone," "eat food," or "my hands." As you can see, the milestone starts at 18 months. Most late talkers say their first words after 12 months. This is understandable. Another critical indicator of late talking is if your child does not respond to their name. If they are not responding to their name or responding inconsistently, it could signify something more serious. You should also consider the context and environment in which your child speaks. If your child cannot engage in conversations in a stimulating, language-rich environment, that could signify a language delay. The signs and symptoms of Language and Learning Disorders (LLE) can vary widely as research is based mainly on parent reports to the American Speech-Language-Hearing Association (ASHA). Some of the signs and symptoms that may indicate the presence of LLE include: - Delayed or nonexistent babbling before the age of two - Fewer than 50 words by age two - Difficulties in connecting two words - Phonological differences compared to peers - Shorter and less grammatically correct words - Reduced communicative gestures - Poor understanding of words and delayed comprehension. Finally, look for any signs of developmental delay in other areas. If your child is having difficulty with gross motor skills, fine motor skills, or other tasks, it is essential to consider how this might impact their language development. The best way to determine if your child is a late talker is to consult a professional. They can provide a more detailed evaluation and make recommendations for further action. What Causes Late Talking in Children? A toddler between 18 and 30 months old who is not speaking as much or at all as expected but is otherwise developing normally may be classified as a late talker. Approximately 17.5 percent of children up to age 3 who are slower to develop speech may have a speech or language delay. Late talkers may be lagging behind on typical toddler speech milestones. However, they are still able to comprehend what they hear (known as receptive language), use body language to communicate (such as waving or pointing), or gradually learn new words. A late talker might have one or both of the following: Speech delay - a condition where a child has difficulty articulating words and expressing themselves clearly. This can make it difficult for other people to understand them, or Language delay - is a condition where a child has difficulty expressing thoughts, ideas, and feelings. Even though they may be able to say some words, they may only have a few words or be unable to put more than two words together. A Toddler's Late-Blooming Speech Might Be Attributed to the following: Birth Stats: Babies born underweight or before 37 weeks are at an increased risk of becoming late talkers as toddlers. Twinning: Twins are more likely to be late talkers than single births. Family History: Late talking tends to run in the family. It is hereditary. If a family member is a later talker, that may cause a toddler to talk late. Other Interests: Toddlers who develop early in other areas (like climbing and jumping) can take longer to master language because they are so busy concentrating on those skills. They may often be good at puzzles little “escape artists” figuring out how to get out of cribs or other places always trying to put things together Lack of Necessity: Children whose parents (or older siblings) are quick to anticipate their needs might take longer to speak up — because there is less need to. History of Hearing Loss or Ear Infections: Past infections or difficulty hearing can slow speech development. However, the above does not cover all the causes of late talking in children. Half of late talkers may have other issues hindering them. Among the possibilities are the following: An expressive language disorder This is a condition where a child has difficulty producing language properly. It may make them have challenges with pronunciation, word choice, and grammar. Children with ELD may be unable to produce words or sentences until they are much older, or they may only have a limited understanding of what has been said, leading to delays in communication skills. An intellectual disability Autism: Autism is a neurological disorder that results in impaired social skills, communication, and behavior. Late talking is only one of the signs of Autism. However, autism is not usually the case. Not all children with autism are late talkers. Some children with autism are late talkers, and some who talk on time. This is because every child is different, and the spectrum of autism is vast and diverse. A physical problem: Another cause of late talking can be a hearing problem or a neurological disorder (like epilepsy). A speech disorder: This is when a child finds it hard to pronounce words. A speech disorder affects the development of language skills. The child may have difficulty using the correct language to communicate their wants and needs, which can lead to frustration and difficulty with communication. This, in turn, can cause late talking. What Are The Outcomes Of Late Talking In Children? According to an ASHA study on Late Language Emergence, between 50 and 70% of late talkers can reach a normal language development level by late preschool and school age. However, the same study also states that late talkers are more likely to experience language and literacy difficulties in the future. Some of the outcomes listed by the study include: At age 5, children identified as late talkers had lower scores on complex language skills, such as narrating a simple story. At age seven, those same children had reduced performance when it came to general language ability and grammar. At ages eight and nine, these children displayed poorer performance in reading and spelling. At age 13, children identified as late talkers had lower scores on aggregate measures of vocabulary, grammar, verbal memory, and reading comprehension. At age 17, those who had been late talkers showed poorer scores on vocabulary/grammar and verbal memory factors. Other studies further support these findings. For example, researchers agree that late talkers who eventually "grow out of it" have been found to have weaknesses in some language and literacy skills, including vocabulary, grammar, phonology, reading, creating stories, writing, reading, and listening comprehension, which can persist until adolescence. Additionally, skills that rely on language, such as social, behavioral, and executive function skills (planning, organizing, paying attention, and controlling impulsive behavior), are weaker in these individuals. Furthermore, a study on children aged three to five showed that late talkers do not process speech as easily as their peers, indicating an immature or underdeveloped speech or language processing ability, affecting language and literacy development. When To Seek Help For A Late Talker? With the abundance of parenting information available, it is no surprise that different opinions exist when it comes to late talking. Many parents opt for the 'wait and see' approach, which experts often agree is not beneficial for the child. Early recognition and intervention are essential to prevent any language disabilities, as well as to ensure the child's social and academic readiness. If your child is exhibiting any of the risk factors mentioned in this article, it is important to seek the help of a speech-language pathologist to prevent any language disorders, such as Developmental Language Disorder, or as the research calls it, Language Impairment. Early intervention is key to supporting your child's development and ensuring their academic success. Help Children Speak Up To ensure that your late talking child has the best chance of thriving, it is essential to seek help from medical professionals. First, have their hearing evaluated by a pediatrician or an audiologist. This will let you know if your child is able to hear at the appropriate volumes and pitches and if they can detect differences in sounds. After this, you should consult a speech-language pathologist. During the session, the SLP will discuss your concerns, assess your child's ability to understand, speak, and use gestures, and identify the type of communication disorder they may have (if any) and the best way to treat it. Finding the right professionals and creating a custom program to suit your needs will provide your child with the support they need to thrive.

When children come to our Rite Care Centers, they interact with a speech-language pathologist. These speech-language pathologists will be the guide on their path to treating and overcoming their speech, language, and literacy impairments. But what does a speech-language pathologist do? In this article, we will go over their duties, licensing qualifications, and diagnoses and therapies they specialize in. What is a Speech-Language Pathologist? A speech-language pathologist (SLP), also known as a speech therapist, is a licensed professional specializing in the diagnosis and treatment of communication problems. SLPs work with people of all ages, from babies to the elderly. Since they are responsible for many different types of people and diagnoses, SLPs must have the ability to work in a variety of situations. They must be caring, compassionate, patient, resourceful, and able to create treatment plans that meet the needs of unique diagnoses. After all, each child is different and will need treatment specially tailored to their needs. To do this, the SLP must be able to listen well to the patient and interpret their behavior. This is not an easy task since most patients are struggling to communicate. Some SLPs have speech-language pathology assistants to help them with the heavy workload that often comes with this kind of career. Additionally, they will work closely with other therapists as part of an interdisciplinary team to create a unified, targeted treatment plan. This includes other disciplines like nursing, physical therapists, occupational therapists, and activity directors. WHERE DO SPEECH-LANGUAGE PATHOLOGISTS WORK? SLPs work in: Private practices Clinics Physicians' offices Hospitals Schools Colleges Universities Rehabilitation centers Long-term care facilities Residential healthcare facilities Rite Care Centers! Data from the U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics says that 40% of SLPs work for state, local, or private educational facilities. Then, 24% work in physical, speech, auditory, or occupational therapists’ offices. Most are full-time workers, though part-time is also common. A speech-language pathologist's duties may vary depending on the setting they work in. Educational settings are the most common for SLPs. Those that work in schools have the objective of identifying disorders early. The aim is to hopefully implement preventative therapies that will lessen the impact of any communication issues on the children’s lives. If the SLP works in a medical setting, he or she will be focusing on introducing exercises that target fluency problems, help rehabilitate motor or cognitive functions, or assist the patient with finding new ways to communicate. Speech-language pathologists are not only hands-on. They also have to keep up with administrative work in order to comply with state, local, and federal standards. When they are not working with patients, they are writing reports, filling out progress logs, or doing research. There are some SLPs that like to be more behind the scenes by helping shape the curriculum of speech-language pathology. They focus on collecting data, designing large-scale treatment therapies, or advocating for educational reform. QUALIFICATIONS OF A SPEECH-LANGUAGE PATHOLOGIST For SLPs to work with children and adults in need, they must complete a rigorous education to obtain official certification. To become a speech therapist, one must have received the following education: Obtain a high school diploma or GED Complete a Bachelor’s degree in a Communication Sciences undergraduate degree program or a related field of study Complete coursework for a specialized graduate program, like a Master’s Degree in Speech-Language Pathology. The graduate school should be accredited by the Council on Academic Accreditation (CAA) in Audiology and Speech-Language Pathology Complete a clinical fellowship year (CFY) which typically lasts 36 weeks at a minimum of 35 hours a week. In order to practice during the CFY, the SLP must have a temporary state license for speech pathology Some states require aspiring SLPs to complete a Certificate of Clinical Competence in Speech-Language Pathology (CCC-SLP), administered through the American Speech-Language-Hearing Association (ASHA). Must pass the Subject Assessment in Speech-Language Pathology to earn the state licensure. However, there may be other requirements, depending on the state. What Does a Speech-Language Pathologist Do? While the duties of speech-language pathologists vary widely, there are three main overarching duties they are in charge of: evaluating, diagnosing, and providing treatment for their clients. Let’s explore each of these in detail. EVALUATE: Most patients will first need to be evaluated by the SLP. The evaluation will be primarily focused on the person’s communication or swallowing issues. It is best to see a speech-language pathologist when there is: Trouble communicating after illness or injury: Whether it be something like a stroke, a neurodegenerative disease, or a traumatic brain injury, there may have been damage done to the parts responsible for speech and language. This can cause the person to be unable to express wants and needs, have difficulty communicating in relationships, have difficulty learning in school, struggle with work, or be unable to complete daily tasks. Trouble eating after illness or injury: Some illnesses and injuries can cause loss of motor function in the muscles that help us eat. The patient may be at risk of accidentally inhaling food particles, which could lead to choking. Trouble feeding babies and toddlers: Young children with swallowing disorders will show signs of fussy mealtimes, congestion after eating, vomiting after eating, gagging while eating, or aversion to some textures or temperatures of food. A developmental delay in speech: If a child is not reaching the speech and language milestones and falling behind in communication skills, he or she may have a developmental delay. After seeing a pediatrician, the child will be referred to an SLP to evaluate the issue. The earlier the delay is realized, the quicker the child can get into therapy to improve the underlying speech or language disorder. DIAGNOSE: Next, the SLP will detect and diagnose the suspected problem and come up with a treatment plan. He or she will carry out that plan through sustained therapy sessions over time while tracking the progress the patient makes. SLPs are familiar with and can diagnose the following problems: Speech sound disorders: Also known as articulation or phonological disorders, these kinds of speech disorders involve difficulty with perception, motor production, or phonological representation of speech sounds and speech segments. Some examples include apraxia of speech, cleft palate, and dysarthria. Language disorders: Disorders that include difficulty getting meaning across through speech, writing, or even gestures. There are some disorders in which a child has difficulty with what is heard or read (receptive language disorder) or has difficulty getting across what he or she is thinking (expressive language disorder). The child may also have a mix of both (mixed receptive-expressive language disorder). Another language disorder, aphasia, often occurs as a result of a stroke and damages a part of the brain that controls language expression and comprehension. Literacy problems: Children who suffer from speech and language disorders also struggle with reading, writing, and spelling. This can include learning disabilities like dyslexia and hyperlexia. Fluency disorders: When a patient has trouble with the flow of their speech, it is thought to be a fluency disorder. This includes stuttering where the child may repeat sounds like d-d-d-doll, pause a lot, or overly rely on “um” or “uh”. Social communication issues: There are unwritten social rules governing our society that are taught to us by our family, friends, and community. These rules include things like taking turns, how close to stand to someone when in conversation, and how to talk to different people. However, some children and adults don’t learn these rules and will often have trouble fitting in socially. Notably, those with autism spectrum disorder struggle with this issue. Voice disorders: People whose voice quality, pitch, and loudness differ or are inappropriate for an individual’s age, gender, cultural background, or geographic location are said to have a voice disorder. They may sound hoarse or nasally, easily lose their voice, talk at a high volume, or are unable to make sounds. These can result from structural, neurogenic, or functional issues. Hearing impairment: Both children and adults suffer from hearing loss, which will have a huge effect on their communication. Although SLPs do not specialize in audiology, they can work with an audiologist to determine the level of hearing the child is capable of, then provide treatment to the child. Those with severe or profound hearing loss need to be exposed to other forms of language, such as sign language, so they do not lose the ability to learn language. Swallowing disorders: These disorders involve difficulty swallowing food or liquid. This can lead to poor nutrition, weight loss, and other very serious health issues. Dysphagia Cognitive-communication disorders: Those with these kinds of disorders typically suffered an injury to the brain from stroke, dementia, or head trauma. As a result, their memory, attention, reasoning, and organizational skills were affected. They may also have trouble speaking, listening, writing, or reading. PROVIDE TREATMENT: Speech pathologists are trained in a variety of therapies targeting a variety of disorders. They use their well-honed problem-solving skills to design treatment plans specially tailored to each patient’s unique needs. These therapies may include some of the following activities: Boosting kids’ phonological awareness by focusing on rhyming and identifying words’ beginning sounds Teaching children how to express more complex ideas by joining words like “and”, “but”, or “because” Teaching kids to understand inferences in text Interacting with children through talking and playing Using books, pictures, or other objects to help stimulate language development Teaching patients to speak clearly Modeling how to make certain sounds and syllables through age-appropriate play Teaching and overseeing exercises in which the patient strengthens the muscles that are used for speaking and/or swallowing Helping the patient learn to say and/or understand more words. The SLP may act them out, use them to tell stories, or play vocabulary games Helping patients improve their sentence structure to provide more clarity in communication Providing aided and unaided communication methods through augmentative and alternative communication (AAC) systems for those patients with severe language problems Teaching patients and their families or caregivers strategies on how to best deal with the patient’s condition at home Providing aural rehabilitation for those patients with hearing loss Using problem-solving, organization, and memory games to help improve cognitive communication Using conversational tactics to teach social communication. This may involve learning to pay attention to the other person’s tone of voice, body language, and emotions Teaching breathing exercises for better resonance Teaching exercises to help strengthen oral muscles Introducing the patient to speech therapy apps Introducing the patient to language development games and toys like flashcards and flip cards Giving homework in speech therapy workbooks Our SLPs Make a Difference in Children’s Lives Through our Rite Care Centers, your donations fund the work of many gifted speech-language pathologists all over California. These SLPs have the credentials, experience, and knowledge to make a difference in children’s lives. Additionally, your generous donations help fund SLPs in training through university partnerships and scholarships. And the money also goes toward our private partnerships with speech-language pathologist practices to help even more children in need. All of the money donated ends up giving struggling children the resources and tools necessary in order to overcome their speech, language, and literacy impairments. SLPs Evaluate, Diagnose, and Treat Children coming to speech therapy are often shy and uncertain of what is in store for them. But with the help of a well-educated and gifted speech-language pathologist, they soon discover the path to better communication. And thus, better lives. SLPs go through a rigorous Bachelor’s and Master’s education and clinical fellowship before being awarded their certification. Once certified, speech-language pathologists work in education or medical facilities to evaluate, diagnose, and treat their patients. Patients struggle with a variety of impairments, including speech sound disorders, language disorders, literacy problems, fluency disorders, and more. Depending on the disorder, speech therapy can last a few sessions, a few months, or even a few years. And since these are some of the most important formative years in a child’s life, the time is best spent with an educated, experienced SLP in a well-funded program.

The prevalence of speech sound disorders is evident: Approximately 10% to 15% of preschoolers and 6% of students are affected by them. Four out of five of those children will require treatment. If left untreated, these children may suffer academically. That’s why we are here to help. In this article, you will learn more about these speech sound disorders, and the kind of treatment we fund to help these kids to live happier and more successful lives. What Is a Speech Sound Disorder? Children are expected to hit certain milestones when it comes to their language development. If they are experiencing a speech delay, it could be indicative of a speech disorder. A speech sound disorder is a disorder in which speech sound production is not at the level of what is expected at the child's developmental stage and age. SPEECH SOUND MILESTONES Here are the typical speech sound milestones during children’s developmental years: By age 3: The child should be able to be understood at least half the time when they communicate By age 4 to 5: Most sounds are being pronounced correctly. Sounds they may still struggle with are “l”, “s”, “r”, “v”, or similar sounds. By age 7 to 8: The child should be able to pronounce harder sounds like those mentioned above. If the child continues to have issues after the expected age has passed, they may need to see a pediatric doctor who will refer them to a speech-language pathologist (SLP) to diagnose and treat a speech sound disorder. CATEGORIES OF SPEECH SOUND DISORDERS According to the American Speech-Language-Hearing Association (ASHA), speech sound disorders are communication disorders that can be either organic or functional. Organic speech sound disorders: These are either developmental disorders or acquired disorders. They can result from motor/neurological disorders, structural abnormalities, or sensory/perceptual disorders. Functional speech sound disorders: These have no known cause. They include disorders that involve the motor production of speech sounds and the inability to produce language. The disorders could fall under articulation disorders or phonological disorders. Articulation disorders center around errors in the production of individual speech sounds, while phonological disorders include errors beyond individual sounds. For example, phonological errors would include fronting, stopping, or deleting consonants. Because it can be difficult to discern between articulation and phonological disorders in a patient, oftentimes clinicians will refer to it simply as a speech sound disorder if the cause of the speech difficulties is unknown. Types of Speech Sound Disorders Children with functional or organic deficits make four kinds of errors in the acronym SODA. They are classified as: Substitutions: When one or more sounds are substituted for another. For example wabbit for rabbit or tow for cow. Omissions: Certain sounds aren’t produced and entire syllables may be deleted. For example fi' for fish or 'at for cat. Distortions: Sounds are changed slightly. Additions: An extra sound or sounds are added to the intended word. For example puh-lane for plane. The types of errors the child makes will determine which speech sound disorder he or she is suffering from. Let’s explore these disorders in greater detail. ARTICULATION DISORDER An articulation disorder occurs when the child cannot produce speech sounds correctly because of problems with placement, timing, speed, or pressure problems. It may also be a result of imprecise movements of the lips, throat, or tongue. With articulation disorders, it is common for sounds such as “r”, “l”, or “s” to be changed. Due to these predictable speech errors, close family members are usually able to understand the child. Symptoms: Common speech impairments within an articulation disorder include: Deltacism: Difficulty with producing the “d” sound Etacism: Difficulty with producing the “e” sound Gamacism: Difficulty with producing the “g” sound Hitism: Difficulty with producing the “h” sound Iotacism: Difficulty with producing the “j” sound Kapacism: Difficulty with producing the “k” sound Lambdacism: Difficulty with pronouncing “l” and similar sounds Rhotacism: Difficulty with producing “r” sounds Sigmatism or Lisp: Difficulty with producing “s”, “z”, and similar sounds Tetacism: Difficulty with producing the “t” sound Tetism: Replacing “s”, “k”, and similar sounds with “t”, and replacing “z” and similar sounds with “d” When a child is aware of their articulation issues, he or she might often be quiet or seem shy, get frustrated when speaking, or just stop saying some words completely. It is quite often the child will struggle with a lack of confidence and self-esteem. Children with a cleft lip or cleft palate may experience articulation errors such as glottal stops, nasal fricatives, pharyngeal fricatives, and mid-dorsum palatal stops. Causes: In most young children, there is no known cause for their articulation disorders. However, some articulation errors are known to be caused by things like: Brain injury Development or cognition issues (For example Down syndrome) Deafness or auditory impairment Physical disabilities that impact speech like cleft palate or cleft lip Any nerve disorder that affects the nerves associated with speech Treatment options: To treat articulation disorder, it is very helpful for the child to attend speech therapy sessions. Having regular appointments with an SLP will improve articulation errors. To treat articulation errors, SLPs will focus on: Figuring out the exact sounds your child has difficulty with Correcting the way he or she creates sounds to produce the right sound Teaching or re-learning ways to control the motor functions of speech. This can include how to shape the lips to express a particular sound Introducing exercises that strengthen the muscles involved in speech Giving you exercises for your child to practice sound formation at home PHONOLOGICAL DISORDER A phonological disorder, also known as a phonemic disorder, occurs when children find it difficult to sound out words correctly and struggle to recognize and process language patterns. As a result, these children will use phonological processes to simplify adult speech patterns. However, those with a phonological disorder will use these shortcuts longer than normal. Children with a phonological disorder may make mistakes when producing sounds and some sounds such as consonants may be omitted. Symptoms: If the child is suffering from speech intelligibility by age 3, this could be a sign of a phonological disorder. Is unable to pronounce most phonetic sounds correctly by age 4 or 5. Some exceptions can include these sounds: l, s, r, v, z, ch, sh, and th. Has difficulties forming longer sentences or understanding context Produces a certain sound correctly, but uses it in the wrong position or in the wrong word. For example, he or she may use the 'd' sound instead of the 'g' sound, and say 'doe' instead of 'go'. Makes mistakes with sounds in particular words, such as making the 'k' sound in 'kite' but will leave it out in other words. Lower self-confidence Causes: Phonological disorder is more prevalent in boys. However, the causes are mostly unknown. However, there are some risk factors associated with this disorder: Family history of speech-language disorders Hearing loss Developmental delays Genetic diseases Neurological disorders Treatment options: Work with an SLP to understand the phonological issues the child is having. He or she will present exercises for the child to teach them how to produce the correct sounds. The SLP will coach the child on how to move the jaw, lips, and tongue effectively to teach them how to use the correct muscles when pronouncing words Parents or caregivers can help the child with home exercises by mimicking the proper speech patterns. It helps if they focus on making the right movements, in the right context, with the right output of sound. CHILDHOOD APRAXIA OF SPEECH Apraxia of speech, or verbal apraxia, refers to the speech sound disorder in which brain damage has impaired a person’s motor skills that affect one’s ability to make speech sounds. The person often knows the words they want to say, but are simply physically unable to. Language problems like Aphasia can co-occur with speech disorders like apraxia of speech or dysarthria. These are all the results of brain damage. Aphasia is when the person is impaired in linguistic capabilities rather than motor skills used to speak. Apraxia of speech can also occur in children upon birth, though this is uncommon. It is called childhood apraxia of speech (CAS), or developmental verbal dyspraxia. Symptoms: These are some common symptoms of CAS: Difficulty pronouncing vowels Stressing the wrong part of the word Difficulty transitioning from a sound, syllable, or word to another Putting a pause between syllables Inconsistency in pronunciations; making different speech sound errors on the same word Difficulty pronouncing simple words Causes: In most cases of CAS, the causes are not known. However, there are a few known causes of CAS: Neurological impairment: This may be caused by infection, illness, or injury, during or after birth. Some genetic conditions can also cause neurological impairment associated with CAS. Autism: Apraxia related to autism can be very difficult to diagnose. Take a few sessions with your SLP before a conclusion is drawn. Genetic disorder: Many different complex disorders have CAS as a secondary characteristic. That being said, not all children with that particular genetic disorder will have CAS. One common genetic disorder associated with CAS is galactosemia. Treatment options: Speech therapy: Working with an SLP 3-5 times a week, in the beginning, can make a difference with CAS and language skills. Speech therapy may include speech drills, sound and movement exercises, speaking practice, vowel practice, and paced learning. Home practice: The SLP can give words or phrases for the child to practice at home, which can be done in a quick 5-minute session, twice a day. They can also get some practice in real-life situations by creating situations where it is appropriate for the child to say the word or phrase. Other communication alternatives: If the child has a severe case of CAS, it may be helpful to learn other communication methods, like sign language or natural gestures like pointing. However, as their speech gets better, these methods can be abandoned. DYSARTHRIA Dysarthria is a speech sound disorder characterized by muscle weakness or difficulty controlling them. Muscle weakness or loss of control occurs in the parts that are needed for speech including the face, lips, tongue, throat, or chest. The speech is often slurred or slowed, making it difficult to understand. Symptoms: Common symptoms of dysarthria speech problems include: Slurred, gurgly, monotonous, nasally, or breathy speech Mumbling A voice that is strained or hoarse Speaking too quickly or too slowly Very soft or quiet speech Difficulty moving tongue or mouth; may involve drooling Unable to speak in a regular rhythm due to hesitative speech Causes: The cause of dysarthria can be either developmental or acquired. Some common causes could be: Brain or head injury Brain tumor Cerebral palsy Lyme disease Muscular dystrophy Some medications including certain sedatives or seizure drugs Treatment options: When it comes to dysarthria, it is important to treat the underlying cause of the issue. If it was caused by prescription medications, change or discontinue the medications to relieve the issue. For those suffering from dysarthria that persists, it is a good idea to get treatment from an SLP. Depending on the child’s level of impairment, he or she will work with the child on: Slowing down the rate of speech Learning how to use more breath to raise voice volume Practicing mouth exercises to strengthen muscles Practicing lip and tongue exercises to strengthen muscles Enunciating words and sentences more clearly Introducing other communication methods including gestures, writing, or devices Children Need a Differential Diagnosis for Speech Sound Disorders Keep in mind that some children may be suffering from several speech sound disorders we’ve listed, along with other language impairments or learning disabilities. That is why they must see a specialist highly qualified in the field of speech-language pathology to receive a differential diagnosis and treatment plan. Luckily, our Rite Care Centers are staffed with educated and experienced SLPs to diagnose all of the above speech sound disorders. But they can’t do it without your help. Donate today!

Being unable to communicate is not the only painful expense of a speech impediment. Sometimes speech impediments can cause kids to be bullied, leaving them feeling ostracized from their peers. The degrading experience of being teased and bullied in itself can also cause many mental health problems like depression, anxiety, and long-term self-esteem issues. Meet Megan Megan was being teased by her classmates for her difficulty pronouncing the “r” sound. While this is one of the last sounds children can master, typically the “r” sound is learned by age 6 to 7. Megan is 9. Instead of “r”, children with this difficulty will often substitute with “w”. For example, it is common for them to pronounce “Little Red Riding Hood” as “Widdle Wed Widing Hood”. Although many of us find this cute, some kids on the playground can be very cruel to other children like Megan with this speech impediment. Why Is the “R” Sound So Difficult? There are plenty of reasons why children like Megan struggle with the dreaded “r”; it is one of the most challenging sounds in the English language! Difficulty pronouncing this sound is what is known as rhotacism, a speech impediment. It was found that 12.9% of preschool-age children struggle with rhotacism. But why exactly do so many children struggle with it? Here are a few reasons: Abstract motor movements: It is difficult to see the tongue when saying the “r” sound, unlike many other speech sounds. For instance, for “b”, “p”, and “m” sounds, children can see that the sounds are made with their lips closed. And “t”, “d”, and “n”, children can see that the tongue should rest behind the top front teeth when making the sound. But with “r”, children are unable to visualize the position of the lips, tongue, and jaw (the articulators). Different ways to make the “r” sound: There are a few different configurations for pronouncing “r”. There is the bunched “r” configuration where the tongue is bunched up with the tip down. The hump in the center of the tongue gently touches the hard palate. Then there is the retroflexed “r” where the tip of the tongue is facing upwards. These can be very complex for children to understand and learn! Not only one “r” sound: When “r” is surrounded by vowel sounds, the r will sound different. For instance, the “r” in “hair” has a different sound than the “r” in “iron”. Then there are times “r” will act like a vowel itself. This is evident in examples like “feather”, “learn”, and “fur”. Additionally, there are variations of the vocalic “r” that each requires different transitions from its preceding sound. For instance, “ar”, “ear”, “er”, “ire”, and “or” all require slightly different transitions from one articulation to another. Some children may be able to pronounce some of these “r” sounds, but not others. Children like Megan with “r” difficulties need to practice several different variations of the sound in different word positions to master the sound. This takes time and patience and is best done under the guidance of a speech-language pathologist. Megan progresses: Megan’s mother was dedicated to helping Megan conquer the sound after many futile attempts to help her daughter. Frustrated and unsure of how to help her daughter learn the sound, Megan’s mother reached out to one of our Rite Care Centers. Megan began attending weekly sessions in late November. She works with our highly qualified SLPs to incorporate these new sounds into her speech. Once she can produce a sound in isolation, our SLP will encourage her to use the sound in words and sentences. Eventually, the SLP will have her introduce the new sound in conversation. This is not an easy task since Megan is trying to produce sounds she has never produced before! But, Megan is already progressing with leaps and bounds and is responding well to our SLPs’ instructions. Megan gets introduced to new “r” words every session, as she continues to conquer the sound. Difficult but Not Impossible! The pressure to learn a new difficult sound may seem like an impossibility to some children. And with painful teasing coming from her classmates, Megan had an even more difficult journey. But with the help of our Rite Care Centers speech-language pathologists, Megan is slowly conquering that dreaded “r”. She exudes more confidence every day as she gets closer and closer to her goal. You see, it is difficult but not impossible! But it is only with the help of generous donations that these services are possible. We want to thank our donors for the funding that keeps our Rite Care Centers running. This enables children like Megan to conquer their debilitating speech and language impairments. You too can donate! It is easy, quick, and will make a world of difference in the life of a child.

Imagine being able to understand words but unable to express them yourself. Or imagine not even being able to understand the words in the first place! This can be very frustrating and isolating for a child. In this article, we will explore the types of language disorders that can cause these phenomena in children: receptive language disorder, expressive language disorder, and mixed receptive-expressive language disorder. What is Receptive-Expressive Language Disorder? Receptive language disorder, or language comprehension deficit, is when a child cannot understand what they hear or read. On the other hand, an expressive language disorder is when a child has trouble speaking, writing, and expressing their thoughts and feelings. When a child has both of these disorders, it is called mixed receptive-expressive language disorder or receptive-expressive language impairment (RELI). This means the child’s ability to both understand and produce speech is affected. Research shows that approximately 2% to 4% of five-year-olds suffer from mixed receptive-expressive language disorder. Symptoms A child affected by mixed receptive-expressive language disorder can exhibit some of the following symptoms: Giving the impression they aren’t listening when you speak to them Seem uninterested when books are read to them Trouble understanding the meaning of words Trouble understanding complicated sentences Has a hard time learning new words Difficulty answering questions Trouble identifying objects Difficulty understanding concepts and ideas Difficulty following long or complicated verbal instructions Difficulty finding the right word or using the wrong words Grammar mistakes Using short, simple sentences Mixing up past, present, and future tenses Struggling to add new vocabulary words Have trouble being clear with what they want to say Have trouble conveying a story or relaying information Difficulty starting or holding conversations Difficulty using and understanding others' gestures, facial expressions, and posture Have trouble asking questions Difficulty singing songs Children diagnosed with mixed receptive-expressive language disorder can suffer from these symptoms to any degree, with symptoms ranging from mild to severe. This type of disorder can have symptoms that vary among children; so it is important to note that while one child may exhibit certain symptoms, another may experience a whole other range of symptoms. For the disorder to be classified as mixed receptive-expressive language disorder, the symptoms should not be attributed to sensory deficits, neurological conditions, environmental deprivation, nonverbal intellectual deficits, or psychiatric impairments. Causes It is important to keep in mind that having this disorder does not necessarily have anything to do with intelligence. Some people are born with more skills than others, and the child simply is unable to communicate at the level of other kids his or her age. Research involving SPECT measurements of brain blood flow has found that these children do not exhibit left hemisphere activation in phonemic discrimination tasks. Phonemic discrimination refers to the process of differentiating between sounds that sound similar but have different frequencies, durations, and/or intensities. Associated with developmental disorders What causes a lack of left hemisphere activation in children? Well, most children with mixed-expressive language disorder are more likely to suffer from developmental disorders. If the child has a language disorder that does not seem to be caused by a physical disability, intellectual disability, or environmental factors, this can be considered a developmental language disorder (DLD). This term is used interchangeably with specific language impairment (SLI), language delay, expressive-receptive language disorder, or developmental dysphasia. DLD will typically run in the family and commonly occurs with other diagnoses like Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) and other learning disorders. Possible contributing factors However, there are more possible contributing factors that could have led to the acquisition of the disorder. And sometimes the cause is not known or can come from a combination of factors. Here are the possible causes of this disorder in children: Seizures Stroke Traumatic head injury Family history The child has little practice hearing the language spoken in their daily life Aphasia: This is an acquired language disorder that happened due to brain injury, infection, tumors, or a degenerative brain disorder. Those with aphasia will have difficulty with language formulation. There are many types of aphasia and will have different issues depending on what part of the brain was affected. Developmental and cognitive disorders such as autism spectrum disorder or Down syndrome Hearing impairment or hearing loss Vision impairment Attention disorders Developmental issues beginning from birth Medical issues Finding the Right Diagnosis Unfortunately, language disorders are frequently misdiagnosed. Sometimes the child is mistaken as “lazy” or ill-behaved. As with any disorder, the proper treatment cannot start without the right diagnosis. It starts with the caregivers. Speech and language development follows a certain basic trajectory. Parents should be on the lookout for certain age-appropriate milestones when it comes to language. Experts provide a timeline that represents the most common times for children to start talking and understanding language. The timeline should always be represented as a range because there isn’t an exact age when children will start talking. After all, some children may experience a receptive language delay or expressive language delay and are simply found to be “late talkers”. They eventually grow to have no long-term language issues. Fortunately, they are able to catch up with other peers the child’s age, but they may simply have a limited vocabulary. Signs of Receptive and Expressive Language Disorders Parents, teachers, and physicians should be on the lookout for these early signs of a language disorder. Here are the most common warning signs the child may have an expressive language disorder: 1 year, 3 months: The child only has a vocabulary of fewer than three words. He or she will use mostly vowel sounds when vocalizing. 1 year, 6 months: The child doesn’t say “Mama”, or “Dada”, or call anyone by their name. 2 years: The child only has a vocabulary of fewer than 25 words. He or she doesn’t exclaim when delighted or surprised by something. 2 years, 6 months: The child does not use two-word sentences, for instance, will not combine a noun and a verb. He or she is often very hard to understand. 3 years: The child has a vocabulary of fewer than 200 words. He or she has trouble asking for objects by their names. When spoken to or asked a question, he or she will repeat the words that were spoken. Older than 3 years: The child’s speech varies from their peers. He or she will often use words wrong or use words that are related instead. And here are the warning signs the child may have a receptive language disorder: 1 year, 3 months: The child doesn’t acknowledge when their name is called. 1 year, 6 months: The child has difficulty following simple directions like “Pick up your toy.” 2 years: The child seems disinterested when being read to. 2 years, 6 months: The child doesn’t answer questions verbally, or even nod/shake their head in response to the question. 3 years: The child has difficulty following simple two-step directions like “Pick up your toy and put it in the toy box.” He or she may also have difficulty playing or participating in groups with others. The child may also forget the names of people he or she knows well or may confuse the name with a different one. Some early signals can be present in either of the two language disorders we’ve mentioned. Keep in mind children can suffer from the mixed receptive-expressive language disorder. Here are some possible early warning signs that can be present in young children with either receptive or expressive language disorder: The child was able to say one or two words at the normal developmental age but did not expand his or her vocabulary past that point. After 18 months old, the child will gesture or point instead of vocalizing with speech. The child does not attempt to imitate their parent’s sounds or words. Even though the child has an understanding of language when at home, he or she is unable to understand the language when out of the house. Parents should be aware that even though this list can help identify if the child has a communication disorder, only having one or two signs from this list doesn’t mean the child has the disorder. That is why they must visit a pediatric doctor, or speech-language pathologist (SLP), or attend a Rite Care Program to get an accurate diagnosis. We recommend an SLP who is certified by the American Speech-Language-Hearing Association (ASHA), which means that they adhere to rigid standards in the diagnosis and treatment of these issues. Treatment Options Early intervention is key. When a child is diagnosed with a receptive language disorder, expressive language disorder, or mixed receptive-expressive language disorder, he or she will need a treatment plan to overcome these language difficulties. The treatment options that are best for the child should be facilitated by a licensed SLP. Here are the most common options used by children suffering from these disorders: Speech-language therapy: Speech-language therapy can be done on a one-on-one basis or in a group format, depending on what your child needs. For speech therapy, especially to aid in articulation, it can be more effective to get sessions with a language therapist on an individual basis. A speech therapist can use playful methods to relax the child and enable them to open up and communicate. These methods could include toys, books, objects, or pictures that can help with receptive language skills, expressive language skills, and language development. They may also have activities to do or can practice asking and answering questions with the child. Home exercises: There are exercises that caregivers can do at home to encourage language growth in the child. The caregiver can practice naming items with the child, explain new concepts in different ways, play Simon says, or put together an obstacle course. Other options include playing the feely bag game with an emphasis on guessing the item, describing its characteristics, and answering questions about it. It is also beneficial to look at picture books with the child, ask them questions about the pictures, and help them guess what might happen next. Caregivers can also help improve communication skills by encouraging various ways of saying things. For example, the caregiver could come up with wacky or nonsensical ways to say things to get the child’s brain patterns going in different directions. This will encourage a different response from them, and hopefully more forms of expression. Language intervention programs: These are typically school-based programs that can focus on auditory skills as well as other language issues. Special education classes: In the US, if a child has a confirmed diagnosis of a speech and language disorder, they are eligible for special education classes. This is provided under the Individuals with Disabilities Act (IDEA). Teacher’s aide support: Those with severe impairment can benefit from the support of a teacher’s aide. Psychologist: If the child exhibits behavioral problems, it can be beneficial to schedule an appointment with a licensed child psychologist to help resolve these issues. When it comes to language disorders, there is no “one size fits all” model. How well the child progresses in treatment will depend on various factors, but it is evident that each child has his or her own unique set of challenges. These challenges must be dealt with on an ongoing consistent basis, through a process built on compassion and patience under the care of a licensed SLP. Some children can overcome these difficulties, while others may deal with lifelong symptoms. And even if these issues are resolved, children with early language delays are more at risk for having difficulties with things like phonological awareness, reading, and writing throughout their lives. Those with mixed receptive-expressive language disorder are likely to have long-term effects on language development, literacy, behavior, social development, and even mental health problems. It is our goal to set these children up with the highest success they can have on their journey. Providing Language Tools for Future Success Receptive language disorder is when a child has trouble comprehending language. Expressive language disorder is when a child has trouble communicating language. Mixed receptive-expressive language disorder is when both are present in the child. A child’s language ability is one of the most important tools for his or her future success. That is why here at the California Scottish Rite Foundation are dedicated to helping these children learn how to use these tools to ensure a better future. And we could surely use your help. Donate today!