Search Results

Understanding the difference between sight words and high-frequency words helps children build confidence and fluency as they learn to read. Take the word “the.” According to the Fry 100 List , which charts the 100 most common words in the English language in order of frequency, “the” is No. 1. You’ll find it about once every 20 words in written English. But as common as “the” is, it’s not always a sight word. And when it comes to teaching the science of word learning, sight words aren’t always the same as high-frequency words. The two terms—contrary to conventional wisdom—are not interchangeable. For beginning readers, many sight words are also high-frequency words. But not all sight words are high-frequency, and not all high-frequency words are sight words. Sight words are in the minds of the beholder—the individual reader. What may be a high-frequency sight word for one reader may not be one  for another. Take first names. Young readers recognize their names on sight. But you wouldn’t consider names like Morgan, Jason, Madison or Gillian high-frequency words. There’s further confusion because of the overlap between the two categories. Many of the first words children learn: the, is, you and we, are both high-frequency and sight words. But as reading instruction becomes more refined and systematic, educators make a distinction between words taught for automatic recognition (sight words) and words taught because they occur often in text (high-frequency words). So what’s the difference? Consider sight words the cheat code for reading, the easiest way for kids to become faster, more confident readers. Sight words are words that readers recognized instantly, by sight. They do not need to sound them out and require zero effort to recall. They are words that a reader can summon from the mental Rolodex on command, without expending phonetic effort or hesitation. The key is automatic recognition. A typical, active adult reader has a mental Rolodex of between 30,000 and 60,000 sight words. Those are developed through a process called orthographic mapping . That is the process where students use the oral language processing part of their brain to map, or connect, the sounds of words they already know (phonemes) to the letters of a word—the spellings. That gets permanently stored as connected sounds and letters of words—along with the meanings as instantly recognizable words. Sight words. It all has to start somewhere and reading sight words on command provides the foundation of a young reader’s vocabulary. Getting young readers to build up their sight word vocabulary is the key to building a confident, excited reader. There’s no cheat code needed for explaining high-frequency words. What you see is what you get: the words most commonly written or spoken in the English language. They are often called the “glue” of language —words that bond sentences together into a readable, accessible manner. High-frequency words are an essential block in the reading foundation, because they’re literally everywhere. The words in Fry’s 100 List comprise 90% of the words used in children’s literature. They are an unmistakable key to building literacy in beginning readers. We can chart high-frequency words, thanks to Fry and Edward Dolch, who created the 220-word Dolch List in 1948. The Dolch List includes 220 “service words” plus 95 nouns that make up a large portion of children’s reading materials. The Fry List took that and expanded it to 1,000 words, which are organized in groups of 100 based on how many times they appear. High-frequency words are broken up into two categories : decodable and irregular. Decodable words such as in , and , that , him , did , then , with , at  can be sounded out using regular phonics. They are also called “flash words.” Irregular words such as was , from , have , of , there , want , you , said , does , like and, yes, the , aren’t phonetic. They are also known as “heart words.” To learn those, teachers and parents must teach them as a unique word. It’s also helpful to instruct them in how to tell the difference. BUILDING HIGH-FREQUENCY WORDS INTO SIGHT WORDS So how do you build high-frequency words into sight words? Joan Seditha in the Keys to Literacy blog  makes these suggestions: Teach new high-frequency words before students see them in their readings. Write the word on the board or put it on a flash card. Spell it aloud, pointing to each letter. Describe the parts of the word that are regularly spelled and the parts that are not. Have students spell and trace the letter in the air—known as air writing—to build large muscle memory or on paper using two fingers to build fine muscle memory. Have students cover the word and try picturing it from memory. Then, try to write it from memory. Repeat steps 3 and 4 to reinforce the lesson and build comprehension. Limit the number of words introduced at one time to prevent confusion. Introduce visually similar irregular words such as where  and were  or was  and saw  in separate lessons to avoid confusion. The Rite Care Childhood Language Center has the resources  to help your child build their sight-word vocabulary and send them on the rewarding path of becoming a strong, confident reader. Sources: https://thesixshifts.com/2024/01/sight-words-vs-high-frequency-words/ https://www.themeasuredmom.com/sight-words-vs-high-frequency-words-whats-the-difference/ https://keystoliteracy.com/blog/high-frequency-sight-words/         https://keystoliteracy.com/blog/the-role-of-orthographic-mapping-in-learning-to-read/ https://www.readingrockets.org/topics/phonics-and-decoding/articles/new-model-teaching-high-frequency-words

Theodore “Dr. Seuss” Geisel is considered a literary genius, a timeless word savant who literally provided a pre-literacy blueprint for generations of toddlers to understand language, vocabulary development and, yes, the art of storytelling. And yet, Geisel would have been the first to tell you those wordsmith skills and an ear for the rhyme of the absurd came via a generous assist from another source. His mother, Henrietta. From their Springfield, Massachusetts home, which featured a Mulberry Street that Geisel would later make famous in his first children’s book: And To Think I Saw It on Mulberry Street , Henrietta would read to the young Geisel and his sister, Nettie, in a rhythmic, rhyming fashion that often ventured into the absurd and nonsensical. That stuck with the young Geisel, who took those early reading sessions with his mother and never forgot them. Neither have generations of parents and children, who relished reading such Geisel/Seuss classics as The Cat in the Hat , Green Eggs and Ham , One Fish, Two Fish, Red Fish, Blue Fish , How the Grinch Stole Christmas , and numerous others. There is a story behind the story of how Geisel became the beloved Dr. Seuss that helps explain the importance of pre-literacy education. Geisel read a 1954 Life Magazine  story chronicling a literacy problem among schoolchildren who had trouble reading. The reason? Children’s books weren’t engaging. Remembering back to his days listening to his mother read funny rhymes to him, Geisel decided to write interesting, easy-to-read books  with simple, rhyming words and that engaging use of rhythm and repetition that sticks with adults years after they’ve put down The Cat in the Hat  for the last time.. And just like that, The Dr. was in. Through his more than 40 books, Geisel was a pioneer in developing pre-literacy skills in children. But what are those skills and how do parents and teachers support them? Children begin learning language from the day they arrive into the world. As they develop, children begin to use speech and language to express themselves and to communicate with others. Through that early development period, children learn skills that helps build their speech and language. That’s known as emergent literacy —the pre-literacy phase of speech and language development. 6 KEY SKILLS TO PRE-LITERACY DEVELOPMENT: There are six key skills associated with pre-literacy development: Print Awareness. This is the understanding that print carries meaning. It’s also the understanding how books work: that you turn pages and read the words from left to right and top to bottom Print Motivation. This is a fancy term for making reading fun and engaging. That fosters a lifelong passion for reading and enjoying books. Letter Knowledge. Here’s where we find the dawn of a child’s understanding about reading. Letter knowledge is the ability to recognize the letters of the alphabet and understand that each letter has a specific name and sound. Narrative Skills. How well can a child tell a story, along with how well then know the sequence of events in that story and how well they can predict what might happen next. Vocabulary. Self-explanatory. What is a child’s knowledge of words and their meanings? Phonological Awareness. After a child begins to master letter knowledge, this is the next phase on their reading educational journey. Phonological Awareness is the ability to hear and manipulate the individual sounds in spoken words. When children clap out syllables and rhyme, they’re engaging in phonological awareness. In turn, pre-literacy skills can be broken down into two categories : meaning-related skills and code-related skills. Meaning-related skills include vocabulary, conversation and story comprehension. Vocabulary is self-explanatory, the development of language and meaning. The more words a child knows, the easier it is for them to learn more words and the easier it is for them to understand meaning from the stories they read. Put more books in a child’s hand early and they’ll adapt easier once they start reading more complex books in school. Conversation helps a child build that knowledge to build new connections and relationships. When a child talks about what they learned in a book or in a picture, it helps them understand the stories they will eventually read on their own. Story comprehension is important because it is where a child understands what is happening in a book, why it’s happening and why the characters act, speak and feel the way they do. When a child grasps story comprehension, they begin to understand the larger meaning of a book. Code-related skills are print knowledge (mentioned above under “print awareness”) and sound awareness, which was mentioned above under phonological awareness. So how do parents and teachers support pre-literacy skills? It’s easier than you may think, because it’s probably all the things you’re already doing. Read. Reading to your child is one of the best development methods for vocabulary, language and social skills. Further this along by asking questions as you read, pointing to pictures and talking about the story. Talk. Another great—and simple—way to develop language skills and vocabulary. Pointing out objects, such as “There’s the Cat in the Hat,” or “Do you see the fire engine?” helps them understand that objects have names. Sing. As you read to your child, how often did you find yourself putting Dr. Seuss’ words into song? Rhyming games and songs help children understand the sounds that make up words. Play. Pre-literacy development takes on many forms and play may not come to immediate mind, but it’s an important action. When you play with your child, for example, with Legos or acting out a story they read, you help them understand the connection between words on a page and the practical meaning of those words. Print exploration. You can do this nearly everywhere, from the kitchen table to the supermarket to road trips in the car. Pointing out words and letters on signs, boxes, buildings and other locations helps build print awareness. Eventually, children will be able to point to a sign and know it says, “Stop.” The Rite Care Childhood Language Center has the skills and knowledge  to help you and your child build pre-literacy skills that will carry them into a lifetime of reading and—more importantly—reading enjoyment. Just like the good Dr. Seuss ordered.       Sources: https://www.asha.org/public/speech/emergent-literacy/?srsltid=AfmBOoo6doU5p6HA7NoahN5jQEipujhJBm7Opgcm-q80nceZ-oyCEVuv https://learningenglish.voanews.com/a/a-23-2006-12-17-voa1-83128822/125774.html https://www.hanen.org/information-tips/four-common-myths-about-early-literacy https://www.hanen.org/information-tips/language-and-literacy/early-literacy

A child dressed in a firefighter costume enjoys playtime with his mother at the Stockton clinic's colorful and engaging playroom. For more than four decades, families in Stockton have turned to the RiteCare Childhood Language Center of Stockton  for help with speech, language, and literacy challenges—always at no cost to them. With over $1 million in giving from the California Scottish Rite Foundation (CASRF) we are expanding that life-changing access even further. “There are so many speech and language needs in the Stockton community. The foundation’s support will allow us to grow our program, get more clinicians working with families, and get more kids’ needs met,”— Ashley Kramer ’10, ’11, Clinic Director and Assistant Clinical Professor of Speech-Language Pathology at the University of the Pacific. Transformative Therapy through Partnership Since 1982, the University of the Pacific has operated the Stockton clinic, where student clinicians provide individualized therapy while gaining real-world experience. Under faculty supervision, students begin by observing sessions and progress to independently conducting intakes, developing treatment plans, and tracking progress reports. This partnership means children receive expert care while students gain the clinical hours needed to become the next generation of compassionate, well-trained speech-language pathologists. “Pacific is a valuable partner because they provide student clinicians who get to learn hands-on, and their expertise allows us to keep up with the growth of the profession,”— Roger Moore, Trustee, California Scottish Rite Foundation.“In my mind, this partnership is a win-win—and the children are the big winners.” Donor-Funded Impact: Meeting a Growing Need The demand for speech and language services in Stockton continues to grow. In 2024 alone, Pacific student clinicians served more than 400 children, yet waitlists remain long. Private therapy can cost $200–$300 for an assessment and $150 per hour for treatment—costs that often make therapy out of reach for many families. CASRF funding removes those barriers, ensuring that every child can find their voice, regardless of circumstance. “Long-term partnerships like the one we have with California Scottish Rite are crucial,” said Nicoleta Bugnariu, Dean of Pacific’s School of Health Sciences.“Students become well-rounded clinicians while delivering sorely needed services in our communities.” Lifelong Confidence for Children and Families The clinic not only provides therapy—it also empowers parents. Families learn to advocate for their children and access resources that support communication growth at home and in school. “Pacific’s partnership with Scottish Rite merges two of the university’s core commitments: providing experiential learning opportunities for students and serving the underserved in our community,”— Christopher Callahan, President, University of the Pacific. Community-Driven Care in Action The California Scottish Rite Foundation operates 19 RiteCare Childhood Language Centers across California—seven of which are university partnerships. Each location offers life-changing, donor-funded therapy for children ages 2–18 with speech-language and literacy challenges stemming from developmental, neurological, or medical conditions. Together, we’re building a future where every child can be heard, understood, and confident. How You Can Help Your generosity fuels the work happening right here in Stockton. $125 funds approximately one hour of therapy. $6,000 can support a full year of care for one child. 100% of services are free to families—because of donors like you. Learn More Read the University of the Pacific’s article Visit the RiteCare Childhood Language Center of Stockton Explore all 19 Language Centers

Learning to read with impairments in phonological processing, fluency or speed, and reading comprehension can be difficult. Struggling readers can get frustrated with their inability to keep up with their peers, which can lead to low self-esteem, depression, and anxiety. Children who suffer from reading disabilities need all the support they can get. That’s why in this article we will go over the common types of reading disabilities, and some ideas for treating them. With the right kind of support , these children will be able to cope and sometimes even overcome these learning obstacles. Dyslexia The most common reading disability is dyslexia, with an estimated 5-10% of the world population affected by it. This learning disability is characterized by difficulty with phonemes and a phonological deficit. This means they will have trouble matching the letters on a page with the sounds they make. Being unable to find the right sound causes the child or adult to spell words incorrectly, have difficulty learning a second language, and have difficulty with reading fluency. It must be said that being dyslexic has nothing to do with intelligence. Even though people who suffer from dyslexia may read slowly, they typically are creative, motivated, and have a strong ability to reason. Many successful people are said to be dyslexic, including Albert Einstein, Steven Spielberg, and Jim Carrey. Symptoms There are some early warning signs to look for if you suspect your young child has dyslexia: They start talking at a later stage than other kids their age Difficulty remembering or naming numbers, letters, and colors Reversing sounds in words Confusing words that sound similar Low phonological awareness; trouble learning nursery rhymes or rhyming in general Difficulty spelling Difficulty matching words with their meanings Problems remembering sequences There are several types of dyslexia: Dyseidetic/visual dyslexia: This type of dyslexia is characterized by trouble decoding and/or spelling words. This difficulty is caused by an inability to remember or revisualize the word, especially sight words (be, but, do, have, etc.) He or she will often reverse words or letters when reading. This represents a problem with visual processing and word sequencing. Dysphonetic/auditory dyslexia: When the learner has difficulty with decoding and/or spelling words because he or she is unable to associate the right sound with the right symbol, this is auditory dyslexia. This means the child has a deficit in auditory processing and linking the sound to the visual cue. Dysphoneidetic/mixed dyslexia: This type occurs when the learner has trouble with both visual and auditory processing. Causes Dyslexia is caused by genes. So if someone in the family has it, it will mean the child is predisposed to be dyslexic. And if you have it, your child has a 50% chance of having it. Specifically, dyslexia is caused by the brain processing written words differently than non-dyslexic brains do. For reading, dyslexic brains rely on Broca’s area in the frontal lobe, while strong readers rely on the area between the Occipital and Temporal lobes. This area at the back left of the brain allows the reader to recognize words quickly, while the area in the front of the cerebrum isn’t as effective. This explains the difficulty dyslexic readers have quickly processing words. Treatment options Early intervention is key when it comes to helping children with dyslexia. Some children have a mild form of the disability which they can overcome with the right instruction. But, every child experiences dyslexia differently. Some will struggle with it throughout their life. However, this doesn’t mean those with severe dyslexia can’t go to college or find success in their life. With the right tools, your child can learn how to cope with a dyslexic impairment. Let’s take a look at some forms of treatment that can help your child cope with dyslexia, and hopefully overcome it. Reading Programs Oftentimes a tutoring program or special education program can help a child overcome the difficulties of dyslexia. Finding an experienced reading specialist can give your child the extra help they need to learn phonics and sight words, word recognition, increase their phonological processing speed, reading comprehension, more effective writing, and improve their overall reading skills. Your specialist or tutor may use the Orton-Gillingham technique or multisensory instruction to help your child learn to read. The Orton-Gillingham technique helps poor readers match letters and sounds, as well as learn the sounds of letters within words. And using multisensory tools can also give your child another dimension to help them improve both their writing and reading abilities. Individualized Education Plans (IEPs) Schools are required by law to set up IEPs for children with learning difficulties. These are learning plans specialized for each child’s specific learning disabilities. It will take into account your child’s needs and how the school plans to meet those needs. The plan will be updated yearly to factor in any progress or difficulties encountered during that year. The IEP may include special education provided by the school’s learning or reading specialist to help with reading instruction. These may be one-on-one sessions or group sessions with other special needs students. Your child may also be provided with special accommodations in their classes, including audiobooks, more time to complete tests, and the opportunity to use text-to-speech in their classes. Emotional Support Dealing with dyslexia can leave a child feeling anxious, angry, and depressed. They may have trouble expressing the way their issue makes them feel, and it is up to the parent to help them learn to talk about their feelings. As a parent, be sure to avoid making grades a priority or using words like “lazy” and “hopeless”. Avoid perfectionistic thinking and instead celebrate small successes after setting realistic goals. It can also be helpful to join a support group to normalize dyslexia and help your child feel less alone. Alexia Alexia, also known as acquired dyslexia, is a reading disorder that leaves the person unable to understand written material. These individuals are typically able to write, spell, and understand speech, but can have trouble reading. This can even include the inability to read something they just wrote. Symptoms There are two categories of alexia: Peripheral alexia and central alexia. Those with peripheral alexia have a visual blockage and include the types hemianopia, neglect, and attentional alexia. Central alexia is a general language disorder, and the person is unable to read well, and may also have problems with speech and writing. The types of central alexia include: Phonological alexia: The most common form of alexia, this disorder leaves the person unable to read words they are unfamiliar with. They also have trouble sounding out written words. Deep alexia: This is a more severe version of phonological alexia. Additionally, those with deep alexia can confuse the meanings of words for those with related meanings. As an example, the word “cat” can be confused with the word “dog”. Pure alexia/alexia without agraphia/letter-by-letter reading: Those with pure alexia can name individual letters, but have trouble reading the words themselves and word sequences. Surface alexia/orthographic alexia: Those with surface alexia have no issue with regular words like “cat”, especially single syllables, but will struggle with word recognition of irregular words, such as “patient”. Causes Alexia, though rare, is caused by injuries, damage, or trauma to the brain. It is most often associated with stroke victims and other neurological issues. Specifically, the alexic person acquires brain lesions that disconnect the parts of the brain that makes visual associations with the ones that interpret language. Treatment options Those with alexia will get treatment options recommended by their speech-language pathologist and/or ophthalmologist. What type of treatment they get will depend on what case of alexia the person has, and how severe it is. Here are a few options you may encounter: LiPS (Lindamood Phoneme Sequencing Program): LiPS has been used in many studies to help patients identify sound sequences within words. This helps them find the differences between words by learning to sound them out. Read Right Therapy : This form of therapy features written text that moves across a screen, from right to left. The patient can control how quickly the words move and the topic of the text. This form of treatment is most helpful for those with hermianopic alexia. Tactile-kinesthetic: As previously mentioned, multisensory treatments can help those with reading difficulties. Using tactile-kinesthetic includes the use of touch and movement to determine letters and words. Multiple Oral Reading (MOR): With MOR, the patient will re-read a specific text for half an hour daily, for a week straight. This reading intervention technique will help improve reading fluency. Hyperlexia A child with hyperlexia can read much earlier and at a much higher level than other kids their age. The hyperlexic child excels at decoding language, which enables them to read very early. They can be very good at spelling long words before the age of two and will be blazing through whole sentences the following year. However, these children may have trouble understanding speech. They also may struggle with comprehension deficits. Hyperlexics differ from children who are gifted readers because they will have below-average oral language skills. Symptoms There are a few signs that may indicate that your child is hyperlexic: Is fascinated by things like letters, numbers, fonts, languages, anatomy, and geography Difficulty speaking or communicating May have some behavioral problems like poor eye contact, trouble giving and receiving affection, withdrawal, and repetitive behaviors Low language comprehension skills Will teach themselves to read or with little teaching Will like books more than toys or games There are several types of hyperlexia. They are: Hyperlexia I: This type, though rare, includes neurotypical children who are reading very early. Oftentimes they are able to read at a 7th-grade level upon starting kindergarten. Hyperlexia II: This includes children who are autistic. Kids with hyperlexia II are obsessed with letters and numbers and things like birthdays, license plate numbers, or the solar system. They will show behavioral problems like avoiding eye contact, withdrawal, and easily feeling sensory overload. Hyperlexia III: This type of hyperlexia can show some of the autistic behaviors mentioned above, but they will typically go away. Those with hyperlexia III can have amazing memory and comprehension skills but will have difficulty speaking. Causes Hyperlexia is often associated with autism. However, as you can see from the types listed above, not all hyperlexics are on the autism spectrum. And not all autistic children have hyperlexia (it is estimated only between 6 to 14% are affected by it). Therefore, the causes of hyperlexia are still unknown and more research is needed. Treatment Options Your child’s hyperlexia treatment plan should be tailored to their exact needs. He or she may need learning assistance over a few years, or it may have to extend into the foreseeable future. Speech therapy: To help improve a child’s expressive language, spoken word comprehension, and social interaction, working with a speech therapist can help. He or she will use things like visual timetables/schedules, pictures, visual prompts, association games, cause and effect predictions, and social stories. Occupational therapy (OT): OT can help your child improve their fine motor skills, impulse control, motor planning, and more. Individualized education programs (IEPs): As we’ve mentioned above, those with learning disabilities are allowed IEPs when entering school. These plans will lay out a designated path for your child’s specialized learning needs. Learners will get extra help in difficult subjects and with the skills they lack. The Right Support Makes All the Difference Dyslexics struggle with matching letters and sounds. Alexics struggle with injury-related reading issues. Hyperlexics may struggle with speaking and/or reading comprehension. Whether your child suffers from reading disabilities like dyslexia, alexia, or hyperlexia, having your support will make all the difference. Whatever obstacle he or she faces, it is important to be patient and understanding while your child encounters reading problems. We here at RiteCare Childhood Language Centers of California hope to help your child realize his or her full potential. We offer free speech, language, and literacy therapies that will improve your child’s communication skills and help overcome reading disabilities. You have our support.

As the official first day of fall quickly approaches (September 22) we are still experiencing high temperatures here in Orange County.  But step inside our clinic and see our ability to imagine the fall leaves and sunflowers.  We welcomed fifteen new Chapman University interns this month.  Yes, fifteen!  This is the first time we have been open 5 days per week instead of 4, allowing us to offer more internship experiences and to reach more families.  The children love being back and receiving one-on-one attention from the new clinicians with their new ideas. We have started the process of refreshing the clinic as the building maintenance has finished up their fixes.  We are looking forward to the next steps with new paint and some new furniture.     Written By: Leora Shaffer, M.A., CCC-SLP, Clinic Director

Theresa introduces a young client to the "Cariboo" game, reflecting fond memories from her own experiences, now from the practitioner's perspective. In this interview, we share a remarkable story of transformation, resilience, and generosity. Theresa, once a child receiving speech-language therapy, is now a graduate student clinician pursuing her master's degree in speech-language pathology. She expects to graduate next year and is currently completing her clinical practicum under the mentorship of her former therapist, Rachel, at our RiteCare Childhood Language Center of San Jose . This inspiring journey illustrates the profound impact of the RiteCare Childhood Language Center programs, highlighting the essential role donors play in transforming lives. Theresa’s path from a client overcoming personal communication challenges to becoming a dedicated clinician herself is a powerful testament to the difference made possible through the generosity of donors. How did your family first seek speech-language therapy for you? Theresa:  My mom noticed my articulation issues around the same time my two older siblings were receiving therapy. Initially, my limited expressive language delayed immediate evaluation, but eventually, I was referred for services. What challenges did you face as a child before starting therapy? Theresa:  Communication was extremely challenging for me, especially with unfamiliar people. I struggled with confidence due to difficulty articulating certain sounds and fear of being bullied. What impact did receiving speech therapy have on your life? Theresa:  It changed everything. The therapy laid a foundation for me, helping me grow confident in communicating. Honestly, I wouldn't be where I am today if it wasn’t for those early sessions provided by Rachel. Now I can openly engage and communicate effectively, something that was unthinkable before. Rachel, can you reflect on the Foundation's unique role and impact in providing these services? Rachel:  RiteCare allows us to deeply touch kids' and families' lives. Unlike services in schools or private practices with billing and insurance limitations, here we have the freedom to genuinely connect and spend the necessary time with families and children. Donors make this possible by removing barriers and enabling us to offer each child exactly what they need. The impact is truly profound and magical. Theresa, what inspired you to pursue a career as a speech-language pathologist? Theresa:  I vividly remember the frustration I felt as a child. I want other children facing similar struggles to know they can overcome their challenges. It's my passion and joy to support and encourage them, just as my therapists and RiteCare supported me. Theresa guides her young client through a hands-on learning activity, fostering engagement and skill development. Rachel, you were Theresa's therapist and now her mentor. What's this experience been like for you? Rachel:  It's incredibly special. Having Theresa intern alongside me highlights the profound and lasting impact RiteCare has on individuals and their families. This full-circle moment with Theresa reaffirms how donor-supported services truly change lives. Theresa, what's the experience been like to intern with Rachel, your former therapist? Theresa:  It’s humbling and empowering. Rachel has been a consistent mentor, inspiring my professional journey. Being able to learn directly from her and apply this knowledge practically in my clinical practicum has been transformative, reinforcing my dedication to becoming an SLP. What part of speech therapy most interests you professionally? Theresa:  I am particularly drawn to working with children who are nonverbal and using Augmentative and Alternative Communication (AAC) devices. My experience as a paraeducator with children who have autism deeply influenced this passion. Communication isn’t only about speaking; it's about ensuring everyone has a voice, no matter the method. How does it feel to be coming full circle—from client to clinician? Theresa:  I feel incredibly grateful. Graduate school is challenging and demanding, but every step reaffirms my commitment. Knowing I'm able to give back directly to the community that supported me motivates me daily. I hope my journey inspires others, showing them that overcoming communication challenges is possible. What would you like to say to the donors who support programs like RiteCare? Theresa:  Thank you so much. Without your generosity, I truly wouldn’t be here today, able to give back in this way. Your support changes lives in profound and lasting ways. Rachel:  Immense gratitude is truly deserved. Donors enable us to offer essential services without barriers, meeting each child's unique needs. This support creates magic, allowing us to deeply impact children and their families, making extraordinary outcomes like Theresa's journey possible. Any final thoughts? Theresa:  Just gratitude—for Rachel, for RiteCare, and for every donor who helps make stories like mine possible. It’s been a wonderful, humbling journey, and I’m eager to continue giving back once I graduate and start practicing as a speech-language pathologist.

Tosh Saruwatari, Jim Eichbaum, Steve Hauber, Christina Magaña, Ashley Kramer, and Roger Moore stand proudly, showcasing a generous donation of educational toys and supplies at an information station. The California Scottish Rite Foundation is thrilled to share some wonderful news from our Stockton community! The Stockton Scottish Rite has generously donated $5,000 to the Stockton RiteCare Childhood Language Center (CLC). With this incredible gift, our clinic was able to purchase essential supplies directly from the wish list of the clinic director—resources that will make an immediate impact on children receiving speech and language therapy. Earlier this week, members Tosh Saruwatari, Jim Eichbaum, Steve Hauber, and Roger Moore joined clinic staff Christina Magaña and Ashley Kramer to deliver the new supplies. The team described the moment as feeling “just like Christmas!” Thanks to this donation, children will now have access to a wide range of new tactile objects and therapy tools that make practicing speech and language skills fun, engaging, and encouraging. This donation is a powerful example of how our local Scottish Rite bodies make a difference for children and families right in their own communities. We extend our deepest gratitude to the Stockton Scottish Rite for their generosity, and to the clinic staff who work every day to change lives through improved communication and confidence.

Speech therapy: Speech therapy is a powerful tool that transforms lives by helping individuals overcome communication challenges. Whether it’s a child struggling with speech delays or an adult recovering from a stroke, speech therapy offers practical solutions that improve daily interactions and overall quality of life. This article explores how speech therapy works, its benefits, and why it is essential for many people. Understanding Speech Therapy and Its Impact Speech therapy focuses on diagnosing and treating speech, language, and communication disorders. These disorders can affect how a person speaks, understands language, or uses their voice. Speech therapists, also known as speech-language pathologists, use specialized techniques to help clients improve their communication skills. For example, a child with a lisp may learn exercises to position their tongue correctly, while an adult with aphasia after a stroke might practice word retrieval and sentence formation. Speech therapy is tailored to each individual’s needs, making it a highly effective intervention. The impact of speech therapy goes beyond just speaking clearly. It enhances social skills, boosts confidence, and opens doors to better educational and professional opportunities. When communication improves, relationships strengthen, and people feel more connected to their communities. Speech therapist helping a child with speech exercises The Role of Speech Therapy in Different Life Stages Speech therapy is beneficial at any age. For children, early intervention can address developmental delays and prevent future learning difficulties. Speech therapists work on sounds, vocabulary, and language comprehension, helping children express themselves clearly and understand others. In adults, speech therapy often focuses on recovery from injuries or illnesses such as strokes, traumatic brain injuries, or neurological conditions like Parkinson’s disease. Therapy may involve relearning speech patterns, improving swallowing, or managing voice disorders. Older adults can also benefit from speech therapy to maintain communication skills and manage age-related changes. For instance, therapy can help with cognitive-communication disorders that affect memory, attention, or problem-solving. By addressing specific challenges at each life stage, speech therapy supports independence and enhances quality of life. Speech therapy tools used for language development How Speech Therapy Supports Emotional and Social Well-being Communication is at the heart of human connection. When speech or language difficulties arise, they can lead to frustration, isolation, and low self-esteem. Speech therapy not only improves communication but also supports emotional and social well-being. Therapists create a safe and encouraging environment where clients can practice new skills without fear of judgment. This positive experience helps build confidence and reduces anxiety related to speaking or social interactions. For children, improved speech can lead to better peer relationships and academic success. Adults regain the ability to participate in conversations, express their needs, and engage in social activities. These changes contribute to a happier, more fulfilling life. In some cases, speech therapy also involves family members, teaching them strategies to support communication at home. This collaborative approach strengthens bonds and creates a supportive network. Speech therapy environment designed for comfort and engagement Practical Tips for Maximizing Speech Therapy Benefits To get the most out of speech therapy, consistency and active participation are key. Here are some actionable recommendations: Set clear goals - Work with your therapist to identify specific, achievable objectives. Practice regularly - Use exercises and techniques learned during sessions at home. Stay patient - Progress can be gradual, so celebrate small improvements. Engage family and friends - Encourage them to support communication efforts. Use technology - Apps and online resources can supplement therapy. Communicate openly - Share feedback with your therapist to adjust the approach as needed. By following these tips, individuals can accelerate their progress and maintain gains over time. Accessing Quality Speech Therapy Services Finding the right speech therapy provider is crucial. Look for licensed and experienced speech-language pathologists who specialize in the relevant area of need. Many clinics offer evaluations to determine the best course of treatment. If you are a parent looking for more information or services near you, check our locator to see if there is a Language Center near you. For those in the Anaheim area, resources like casrf.org/orangecounty provide access to professional speech therapy services and support programs. These organizations often offer personalized care plans and community-based support. Insurance coverage and financial assistance may be available, so it’s important to explore options to make therapy affordable. The Lasting Effects of Speech Therapy on Life Speech therapy is more than just improving speech sounds or language skills. It changes lives by empowering individuals to communicate effectively, connect with others, and participate fully in society. The benefits extend to emotional health, education, employment, and personal relationships. Whether overcoming a speech delay, recovering from a neurological event, or managing a lifelong condition, speech therapy offers hope and practical solutions. It is an investment in a better future, opening doors to opportunities that might otherwise remain closed. By embracing speech therapy, people gain the tools they need to express themselves confidently and live richer, more connected lives.

Literacy is a fundamental skill that shapes our ability to communicate, learn, and participate fully in society. It is not just about reading and writing but also about understanding and using information effectively. Literacy programs play a crucial role in helping individuals of all ages develop these essential skills. Whether for young children just starting school, adults returning to education, or seniors seeking to stay mentally active, literacy programs provide valuable support and opportunities. Why Literacy Programs Matter Literacy programs are vital because they address the diverse needs of learners at different stages of life. For children, early literacy programs lay the foundation for academic success and lifelong learning. For adults, literacy programs can open doors to better job prospects, improved health outcomes, and greater civic engagement. Seniors benefit from literacy activities that help maintain cognitive function and social connections. These programs often go beyond basic reading and writing. They include digital literacy, financial literacy, and critical thinking skills, which are increasingly important in today’s world. By participating in literacy programs, individuals gain confidence and independence, enabling them to navigate everyday challenges more effectively. Benefits of Literacy Programs Improved academic performance for children and youth Enhanced employment opportunities for adults Better health management through understanding medical information Increased social participation and community involvement Cognitive stimulation for older adults Children engaged in a literacy program in a classroom Different Types of Literacy Programs Literacy programs come in many forms, tailored to meet the needs of various age groups and learning styles. Some common types include: Early childhood literacy programs : Focus on developing pre-reading skills through storytelling, phonics, and interactive activities. Adult literacy classes : Help adults improve reading, writing, and numeracy skills, often combined with job training or language learning. Family literacy programs : Encourage parents and children to learn together, fostering a culture of reading at home. Digital literacy workshops : Teach essential computer and internet skills to bridge the digital divide. Community-based literacy initiatives : Provide accessible learning opportunities in libraries, community centers, and online platforms. Each program type addresses specific challenges and goals, making literacy education more inclusive and effective. What are structured literacy programs? Structured literacy programs are evidence-based approaches designed to teach reading and writing systematically and explicitly. These programs emphasize the understanding of language structure, including phonology, morphology, syntax, and semantics. They are particularly effective for learners with dyslexia or other reading difficulties but benefit all students by providing clear, sequential instruction. A structured literacy program typically includes: Phonemic awareness : Recognizing and manipulating sounds in words Phonics : Connecting sounds to letters and letter patterns Fluency : Developing speed and accuracy in reading Vocabulary : Building a strong word bank for comprehension Comprehension strategies : Enhancing understanding of texts This approach contrasts with less explicit methods by ensuring that learners receive direct instruction in the foundational components of literacy. It supports long-term reading success and helps close achievement gaps. How Literacy Programs Support Lifelong Learning Literacy is not a skill that is mastered once and forgotten. It evolves as individuals encounter new information and technologies. Literacy programs support lifelong learning by adapting to changing needs and contexts. For example, adults returning to education may need help with reading technical manuals or understanding digital communication. Seniors might benefit from programs that combine literacy with social activities, such as book clubs or writing workshops. Schools and community organizations often collaborate to create pathways that encourage continuous learning. Practical recommendations for supporting lifelong literacy include: Encouraging reading habits at home and in the community Providing access to diverse reading materials that reflect learners’ interests and cultures Integrating technology to enhance learning and engagement Offering flexible program schedules to accommodate different lifestyles Training educators in effective literacy instruction methods By fostering a culture of literacy, communities empower individuals to thrive personally and professionally throughout their lives. The Broader Impact of Literacy Programs The benefits of literacy programs extend beyond individual learners. They contribute to stronger, more equitable societies by: Reducing poverty through improved employment and income opportunities Enhancing public health by enabling better understanding of health information Promoting social inclusion and reducing isolation Supporting democratic participation by increasing access to information and critical thinking skills Driving economic growth through a more skilled workforce Investing in literacy programs is an investment in the future. Governments, nonprofits, and businesses all have roles to play in expanding access and improving program quality. Community members engaging in literacy activities at a library Taking Action: How to Get Involved Everyone can contribute to the success of literacy programs. Here are some ways to get involved: Volunteer as a tutor or mentor in local literacy initiatives Donate books, materials, or funds to support program development Advocate for policies that prioritize literacy education and funding Promote awareness about the importance of literacy in your community Encourage participation by sharing information about available programs By working together, we can ensure that literacy programs reach all who need them, regardless of age or background. Literacy programs are essential tools for empowering individuals and strengthening communities. They provide the skills necessary to navigate an increasingly complex world and open doors to new opportunities. Whether through early childhood education, adult learning, or specialized approaches like a structured literacy program , these initiatives make a lasting difference. Supporting and expanding literacy programs benefits everyone, creating a more informed, capable, and connected society.

CASRF’s Speech-Language Pathologist Chair and San Diego Center Director, Tina Burns (right), shares a triumphant high-five with her client during an engaging iPad-based therapy session at the San Diego RiteCare Childhood Language Center. The California Scottish Rite Foundation gratefully acknowledges the  San Diego County Employees’ Charitable Organization  for their $1,000 grant award. Thanks to this generous support, we’ve been able to acquire new iPads for our RiteCare Childhood Language Center of San Diego, enhancing both in-clinic and teletherapy services for children with speech-language needs. At our San Diego center, we provide free, high-quality speech-language therapy to young learners across a wide spectrum of communication challenges. Integrating iPads into our program lets our certified speech-language pathologists leverage interactive apps and digital tools to make therapy sessions more engaging and accessible. From articulation exercises and language-building games to social skills activities, these devices empower children to practice and track their progress in real time—whether they’re in the clinic or joining remotely. This grant not only equips us with the technology to innovate our therapy offerings, but also reinforces our commitment to removing barriers to communication success. We look forward to sharing the positive outcomes these iPads bring and celebrating the strides our students will make with this enhanced support. To learn more about our RiteCare Childhood Language Centers or to make a donation that directly impacts children’s lives, please visit  https://casrf.org/sandiego .

Updated June 2025 Syllable division is a fundamental aspect of phonetics and phonology, essential for understanding pronunciation and spelling in various languages. A syllable is a unit of sound that contains a single vowel sound and can be combined with consonants to form words.  Dividing words into syllables is crucial for proper pronunciation, word recognition, and decoding unfamiliar words in reading and spelling. This article aims to provide a comprehensive guide to syllable division, exploring different rules and strategies for accurately dividing words into syllables. Understanding Syllables Before delving into syllable division rules, it's essential to understand the concept of syllables. A syllable typically consists of a vowel sound or a vowel sound with one or more consonant sounds. For example, in the word "cat," there is one syllable ("cat"), whereas in the word "elephant," there are three syllables ("el-e-phant"). Understanding syllables helps in breaking down words into manageable units for pronunciation and spelling purposes. Syllable Division Rules There are several rules and guidelines for dividing words into syllables. While these rules are helpful, it's important to note that there may be exceptions, and context plays a significant role in determining syllable division. Below are some commonly used syllable division rules: VC/CV Pattern: One of the most basic and widely used rules for syllable division is the VC/CV pattern. In this pattern, a syllable usually ends with a consonant and begins with a vowel.  For example: Mon-ey (mon/ey) Ba-sic (ba/sic) Re-sult (re/sult) V/CV Pattern: Another common pattern is the V/CV pattern, where a syllable starts with a vowel and is followed by a consonant.  For example: A-pril (A/pril) O-pen (O/pen) I-tem (I/tem) VC/V Pattern: This pattern occurs when a syllable ends with a consonant followed by a single vowel.  For example: Ba-sin (ba/sin) Mo-tor (mo/tor) Le-mon (le/mon) V/V Pattern: In words with consecutive vowels, the syllable division typically occurs between the vowels.  For example: De-li-cious (de/li/cious) Pa-tri-ot (pa/tri/ot) Beau-ti-ful (beau/ti/ful) Prefixes and Suffixes: Prefixes and suffixes are typically considered as separate syllables.  For example: Un-hap-py (un/hap/py) Care-less-ness (care/less/ness) Help-ing (help/ing) Consonant Blends and Digraphs: Consonant blends and digraphs are typically kept together within the same syllable.  For example: Sprout (sprout) Shrimp (shrimp) Blend (blend) Strategies for Syllable Division In addition to following specific rules, there are some strategies that can help with syllable division: The VCCV pattern refers to a specific structure of syllables within a word. In the VCCV pattern, a word is divided into two syllables, with the first syllable containing a vowel followed by a consonant, and the second syllable containing a consonant followed by a vowel. This pattern is characterized by the arrangement of vowels and consonants within the word, where the consonant cluster appears in the middle of the word, between two vowels. Examples of words following the VCCV pattern include: "rab-bit" (rab/bit) "hop-per" (hop/per) "kit-ten" (kit/ten) "hat-red" (hat/red) In each of these examples, the word is divided into two syllables, with the first syllable containing a vowel followed by a consonant (VC), and the second syllable containing a consonant followed by a vowel (CV), adhering to the VCCV pattern. This pattern is commonly found in English words and is used to facilitate pronunciation and syllable recognition. Clapping Method:  Pronounce the word slowly and clap your hands for each syllable. This physical act can help in identifying the syllables in a word. Vowel Sounds:  Pay attention to vowel sounds and their positions within the word. This can guide you in determining syllable boundaries. Use of Dictionaries:  Refer to dictionaries or online resources that provide syllable divisions for words. This can be particularly helpful for unfamiliar or complex words. Practice with Phonics:  Engage in phonics exercises and activities to reinforce syllable division skills. Reading aloud and spelling practice can also improve proficiency in syllable division. Why Is Syllabal Division Important to Learn for People with Dyslexia? Syllable division is crucial for individuals with dyslexia due to its role in improving decoding skills, enhancing word recognition, and facilitating accurate spelling. Dyslexia is a specific learning disorder characterized by difficulties with accurate and/or fluent word recognition and by poor spelling and decoding abilities. These difficulties can significantly impact reading comprehension and overall academic performance. Here are several reasons why syllable division is important to learn for individuals with dyslexia: Decoding Skills: Dyslexia often involves challenges in decoding, which refers to the ability to translate written words into spoken language. By learning syllable division rules and patterns, individuals with dyslexia can break down words into smaller, more manageable units, making it easier to decode and pronounce unfamiliar words. This process helps in building phonological awareness, a key component of reading proficiency. Word Recognition: Syllable division assists individuals with dyslexia in recognizing familiar words more efficiently. By understanding how to divide words into syllables, they can identify recognizable word parts and use them to infer the meaning of the entire word. This strategy enhances word recognition skills and promotes fluency in reading. Spelling Accuracy: Dyslexia often involves difficulties with spelling, as individuals may struggle to segment words into their constituent sounds and letters. Learning syllable division rules provides a systematic approach to spelling, enabling individuals with dyslexia to break words into syllables and apply spelling rules to each syllable. This method enhances spelling accuracy and reduces reliance on rote memorization. Building Confidence: Mastering syllable division can boost the confidence of individuals with dyslexia in their reading and spelling abilities. As they gain proficiency in breaking down words into syllables and decoding unfamiliar words, they become more confident in their literacy skills. This increased confidence fosters a positive attitude towards reading and learning, leading to greater academic success. Structured Approach: Syllable division offers a structured and systematic approach to reading and spelling, which is beneficial for individuals with dyslexia who may struggle with processing language in a linear manner. By following established rules and patterns for syllable division, individuals with dyslexia can develop a clear framework for understanding and manipulating words, leading to improved literacy outcomes. In summary, syllable division is essential for individuals with dyslexia as it enhances decoding skills, improves word recognition, promotes spelling accuracy, builds confidence, and provides a structured approach to reading and spelling. By mastering syllable division, individuals with dyslexia can overcome challenges associated with reading and spelling difficulties, ultimately achieving greater success in academics and beyond. What Programs Help With Teaching Syllable Division? Wilson Reading System: This structured literacy program includes explicit instruction in syllable division rules as part of its multisensory approach to teaching reading. Orton-Gillingham Approach: Many Orton-Gillingham based programs, such as the Barton Reading & Spelling System or the Slingerland Approach, incorporate syllable division rules into their curriculum. Words Their Way: This word study program provides activities and resources for teaching phonics, spelling, and vocabulary, including instruction on syllable division. SPIRE (Sequential, Phonics, Instruction, Remediation, and Enrichment): SPIRE is a research-based reading intervention program that includes systematic instruction in syllable division as part of its comprehensive approach. Reading Horizons: This program offers materials and strategies for teaching reading, including syllable division rules and activities. Syllables Learning Center: This online resource provides interactive activities and games for teaching syllable division and other phonics skills. Phonics Hero: An online platform that offers interactive games and activities to teach phonics, including syllable division. Explode the Code: This series of workbooks includes exercises and activities for phonics and syllable division practice. These programs vary in their approach and target audience, so it's important to choose one that aligns with the needs and learning style of your students. Additionally, many educational publishers offer supplemental materials and resources specifically focused on syllable division instruction. Conclusion Syllable division is a fundamental skill in phonetics and literacy, essential for proper pronunciation and spelling. Understanding the rules and patterns of syllable division enables individuals to decode unfamiliar words, improve reading fluency, and enhance spelling accuracy. By following the guidelines outlined in this article and practicing syllable division strategies, learners can develop proficiency in this crucial aspect of language processing. Continued practice and exposure to words of varying complexities further strengthen syllable division skills, facilitating effective communication and language comprehension. Reach out to us with your needs and we can try our best to help! Frequently Asked Questions What is syllable division? Syllable division is the process of splitting words into their spoken units (syllables), based on vowel sounds and consonant patterns. It helps readers decode, pronounce, and spell words more accurately. Why is mastering syllable division important? When students learn to break words into syllables, they improve reading fluency (measured in WCPM) and spelling accuracy, because they internalize common patterns instead of guessing each word as a whole. How do I identify where to split a word? Look for vowel sounds—each typically starts a new syllable. Use C-V patterns (open vs. closed syllables), split between double consonants (unless they form a digraph), and treat prefixes/suffixes as separate units. What are the main syllable types I should teach? The six types are: Closed  (VC): “nap-kin” Open  (CV): “ta-ble” Vowel Team  (VV): “rain” Silent e  (VCe): “make” R-Controlled  (VRC): “car” Consonant-le  (C-le): “lit-tle” What classroom activities reinforce syllable division? Try multisensory drills: clapping syllable beats, sorting word-cards by syllable type, swipe-card drills where students “slice” words with their finger, or using domino-style tiles that link syllable units.

Graduation is more than just a ceremony—it symbolizes perseverance, purpose, and community. As the academic year comes to a close, we proudly celebrate a new class of graduates from our university partners at California State University, Long Beach (CSULB), Cal State LA, and Fresno State. These partnerships lie at the core of the California Scottish Rite Foundation’s mission. They help shape the future of speech-language pathology and communication sciences through collaboration, clinical experience, and shared values. Stronger Together: The Value of University Partnerships Members of the California Scottish Rite Foundation and the Staff from the Department of Speech-Language Pathology, California State University of Long Beach. At the California Scottish Rite Foundation, we understand the power of partnerships. They transform lives. Through our ongoing collaboration with CSULB, Cal State LA, and Fresno State, we support emerging professionals in speech-language pathology. We offer meaningful, hands-on learning experiences that bridge theory and practice. These partnerships fuel our RiteCare Childhood Language Centers. They cultivate a pipeline of skilled and compassionate clinicians. Our students provide crucial therapy services to children in need and conduct cutting-edge research. They are shaping the landscape of our field and enriching our communities. Spotlight: Elise Guerra, Fresno State Elise Guerra, of El Nido, earned her M.A. in speech-language pathology with a 4.0 GPA from Fresno State University. Among this year’s outstanding graduates is Elise Guerra. She earned her M.A. in speech-language pathology from Fresno State with a perfect 4.0 GPA. Elise’s story is one of incredible resilience and impactful change. As a Smittcamp Family Honors Scholar, she has been a lifelong Bulldog. Elise was inspired to pursue speech-language pathology after overcoming a severe traumatic brain injury as a child. Her journey—from patient to clinician—is a testament to how personal experiences can shape meaningful careers. Elise completed clinical hours at the Fresno State-Scottish Rite Speech and Language Clinic. There, she worked with children facing complex communication challenges. She also worked with adults recovering from brain injuries at Community Regional Medical Center’s Leon S. Peters Rehabilitation Center. Here, she educated families and treated cognitive-communication disorders. Additionally, she developed an innovative treatment model for executive functioning in adolescents with autism. Beyond her clinical work, Elise presented her thesis at the California Speech-Language-Hearing Association Convergence. She held leadership roles with Associated Students, Inc. Elise plans to return to Fresno State to pursue a Ph.D. and ultimately become a professor. Celebrating Every Graduate Elise’s journey, while exceptional, reflects a larger community of graduates from CSULB, Cal State LA, and Fresno State. These graduates are equipped and ready to leave their mark. They have dedicated countless hours in classrooms, clinics, and communities. They learned not just how to treat speech and language disorders, but also how to listen, advocate, and lead. As these graduates step into the workforce, we take pride in having been part of their growth and development. Our university partnerships offer more than just clinical opportunities. They provide a foundation for careers rooted in service and impact. Looking Ahead: The Power of Community A student clinician from Cal State LA and her client. Graduation does not mark the end of the journey. Many of our graduates remain connected through mentorship, continued education, and community engagement. Our university partnerships create a vibrant network of clinicians, educators, and advocates who support each other long after graduation. We invite our partners, alumni, and supporters to continue walking alongside us. Whether through research collaboration, student training, or supporting the RiteCare Centers, every touchpoint strengthens our shared mission. Together, we help children find their voice and support the professionals dedicated to helping them speak. Final Words To our graduates—congratulations! Your hard work, heart, and service have already made a difference. We are honored to have supported your journey, and we look forward to seeing where your path leads next. To current students: Get involved. Ask questions. Embrace the opportunities available through your university’s partnership with the California Scottish Rite Foundation . Together, we are building a future where every child is heard, and every graduate is empowered to help make that future possible.